Rhaphiolepis bibas (Lour.) Galasso & Banfi

Identidad taxonómica

Scientific name: Rhaphiolepis bibas (Lour.) Galasso & Banfi
Canonical name: The scientific name without its authorship or date, for example Zea mays instead of Zea mays L.: Rhaphiolepis bibas
Authorship: The author or authors credited with publishing the scientific name. It is written after the name, sometimes with the year, for example L. (Linnaeus) in Zea mays L. An author in parentheses first published the name in another genus or rank.: (Lour.) Galasso & Banfi
Kingdom: One of the broadest ranks of biological classification. It groups organisms that share very basic features, for example plants (Plantae), animals (Animalia) or fungi (Fungi).: Plantae
Phylum: Rank below kingdom that groups organisms with a shared general body plan, for example chordates (Chordata), arthropods (Arthropoda) or vascular plants (Tracheophyta). In botany the same rank is also called division.: Tracheophyta
Class: Rank below phylum, for example mammals (Mammalia), birds (Aves), insects (Insecta) or monocot plants such as grasses and orchids (Liliopsida).: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rank below class that groups related families, for example grasses and their relatives (Poales) or bats (Chiroptera).: Rosales
Family: Rank below order that groups related genera. Family names usually end in -aceae in botany (for example Poaceae, the grass family) and in -idae in zoology (for example Felidae, the cat family).: Rosaceae
Genus: Rank that groups closely related species. Its name is the first word of a species' scientific name and starts with a capital letter, for example Zea in Zea mays.: Rhaphiolepis
Specific epithet: The second word of a species' scientific name. On its own it does not name the species: it always goes with the genus, for example mays in Zea mays.: bibas
Taxonomic rank: The level a name occupies in the hierarchy of biological classification, such as kingdom, family, genus, species or subspecies.: species
Taxonomic status: Whether the taxonomic catalogue the record comes from currently accepts this name for the organism, or treats it as a synonym of another accepted name or as doubtful.: accepted name

Photos and conservation status

IUCN Red List category: The extinction-risk category that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assigns to a species on its Red List. EX Extinct: there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild: it survives only in cultivation, in captivity or as a population far outside its past range. CR Critically endangered, EN Endangered and VU Vulnerable: the three threatened categories, from an extremely high to a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened: close to qualifying as threatened. LC Least concern: evaluated and not threatened. DD Data deficient: there is not enough information to assess its risk. NE Not evaluated: not yet assessed against the criteria. It describes the risk of the species worldwide, not its situation in a project's area.: Not evaluated (NE)
Source: IUCN Red List via GBIF, queried on 2026-10-09 08:16.

Photo of Rhaphiolepis bibas (Lour.) Galasso & Banfi — Photo: Piermario Maculan · CC0 1.0 · View original image · Original observation

Research-grade iNaturalist observations via GBIF, CC0 or CC BY licences only, queried on 2026-10-09 08:16.

Interacciones documentadas

GloBI says it is documented somewhere in the world. Biolitica answers whether it could happen here.

A documented interaction means it was recorded somewhere in the world. It does not mean it occurs here.

Types shown: 12 of 15 is a host of × is eaten by × is pollinated by × interacts with (this species is the record's destination) × has its flowers visited by × has as a vector × is visited by × interacts with (this species is the record's origin) × is adjacent to × co-occurs ecologically with × is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of × has as a pathogen × 3 more types with data for this species

Blocks that do not sit under a navigation concept heading keep the source's own term: no navigation concept has been assigned to them yet.

is a host of 343 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. In the source ontology symbiosis covers mutualism, commensalism and parasitism alike, so this block holds attackers and allies side by side.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Quince Leaf Blight Diplocarpon mespili Drepanopezizaceae	is a host of	32	not compared
32 sources · 32 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11773355 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Whangaparoa Peninsula, Matakatia · Oct. 1, 1964 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1257088 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Intercepted J. F. K. I. A. New York #24218 · April 15, 1969 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1257089 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Bell · Oct. 12, 1925 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1257090 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Brooksville Plant Introduction Garden · Feb. 8, 1924 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1257091 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Brooksville Plant Introduction Garden · Feb. 18, 1924 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1257092 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Brooksville · Feb. 18, 1924 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1257093 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Kerrville, Kerr Co. · Nov. 22, 1959 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3252448 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: San Benito · May 20, 1915 · Preserved specimen And 24 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pseudocercospora eriobotryae Mycosphaerellaceae	is a host of	20	not compared
20 sources · 20 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=917868 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Guangxi, Jingxi · Dec. 11, 1958 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1340148 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Shikano, Taitung Prov. · March 19, 1944 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1340149 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Taipei · Aug. 4, 1909 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1340150 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Taipei · Aug. 4, 1909 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1340151 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Taipei · Dec. 6, 1933 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1340152 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Okinawa Intercepted Honolulu Hawaii #40673 · Aug. 10, 1977 · Preserved specimen Alfieri Jr., S.A., Langdon, K.R., Wehlburg, C., and Kimbrough, J.W.. 1984. Index of Plant Diseases in Florida (Revised). Florida Dept. Agric. and Consumer Serv., Div. Plant Ind. Bull. 11:1-389 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: United States · no date published Crous, P.W., and Braun, U.. 2003. %Mycosphaerella% and its anamorphs: 1. Names published in %Cercospora% and %Passalora%. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht :571 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Taiwan · no date published And 12 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Fusicladium pyracanthae Venturiaceae	is a host of	20	not compared
20 sources · 20 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1327909 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Altadena · June 3, 1909 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1327910 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Intercepted J. F. K. I. A. New York #000762 · no date published · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1327911 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Georgia, Abchazia, Suchumi · March 31, 1916 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1327912 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Balearic Islands, Majorca · June 1, 1972 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1327913 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Intercepted San Juan Puerto Rico #10618 · May 9, 1952 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1327914 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Lisbon · Jan. 1, 1891 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4355357 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · Jan. 1, 1891 · Exsiccati https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3259777 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Everett · Nov. 3, 1939 · Preserved specimen And 12 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Phyllosticta eriobotryae	is a host of	16	no location
16 sources · 16 records Anonymous. 1960. Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 165:1-531 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: United States · no date published Cho, W.D., and Shin, H.D., Eds.. 2004. List of plant diseases in Korea. Fourth edition. Korean Society of Plant Pathology :779 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Korea · no date published Doidge, E.M.. 1950. The South African fungi and lichens to the end of 1945. Bothalia 5:1-1094 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Southern Africa · no date published Grand, L.F., Ed.. 1985. North Carolina Plant Disease Index. North Carolina Agric. Res. Serv. Techn. Bull. 240:1-157 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: United States · no date published Tai, F.L.. 1979. Sylloge Fungorum Sinicorum. Sci. Press, Acad. Sin., Peking :1527 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: China · no date published Dudka, I.O., Heluta, V.P., Tykhonenko, Y.Y., Andrianova, T.V., Hayova, V.P., Prydiuk, M.P., Dzhagan, V.V., and Isikov, V.P.. 2004. [Fungi of the Crimean Peninsula] (Translated from Russian). M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine :452 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Ukraine · no date published Kobayashi, T.. 2007. Index of fungi inhabiting woody plants in Japan. Host, Distribution and Literature. Zenkoku-Noson-Kyoiku Kyokai Publishing Co., Ltd. :1227 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Japan · no date published Crous, P.W., Phillips, A.J.L., and Baxter, A.P.. 2000. Phytopathogenic Fungi from South Africa. University of Stellenbosch, Department of Plant Pathology Press :358 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: South Africa · no date published And 8 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 343, by number of studies See more of this type

is eaten by 232 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	is eaten by	11	not compared
11 sources · 11 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/9045790 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 3, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/9045796 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 3, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/17549249 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 15, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/141657143 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 9, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/35057168 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 29, 2019 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/143100586 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 27, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/144998906 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 24, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/37139986 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 28, 2019 · Human observation And 3 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta Nymphalidae	is eaten by	6	not compared
6 sources · 6 records Poelen, J. H. Global Biotic Interactions: Interpreted Data Products. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5708970 (2021). Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Global · Jan. 1, 2021 · Metaanalysis https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4620771 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 23, 2016 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/8981029 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 28, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/142652403 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 21, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/143086956 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 26, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/66249535 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 23, 2020 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Anna's Hummingbird Calypte anna Trochilidae	is eaten by	6	not compared
6 sources · 6 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146311426 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 27, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/253373288 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 12, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/193755705 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 6, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/193755716 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 10, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/194857457 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 15, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/196810456 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 5, 2024 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Green Citrus Aphid Aphis spiraecola Aphididae	is eaten by	6	not compared
6 sources · 6 records Ellis, W. N. (2022). Plant Parasites of Europe – leafminers, galls and fungi [Database]. https://bladmineerders.nl/ Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Europe · Jan. 1, 2022 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/18912959 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 9, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146436180 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 13, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/149603969 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 25, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/189551707 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 31, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/194710595 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 24, 2023 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 232, by number of studies See more of this type

Pollination

is pollinated by 69 organisms

This term declares that the organism benefits this species. «Visits the flowers of» is a different term and a different block: a visitor is not a pollinator, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Gestippelde smaragdgroefbij Lasioglossum aeratum Halictidae	is pollinated by	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records Reji Chacko, M., Albouy, C., Altermatt, F., Brändle, M., Casanelles Abella, J., Boussange, V., Campell, F., Ellis, W. N., Fopp, F., Gossner, M. M., Ho., H., Joss, A., Kipf, P., Neff, F., Petrović, A., Prié, V., Tomanović, Ž., Zimmerli, N., Pellissier, L. (2024). trophiCH v1 - a … Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: no place published · no date published CSCF. (2017). Info fauna \| Data Server. info fauna Nationales Daten- und Informationszentrum der Schweizer Fauna. https://lepus.infofauna.ch/tab/ Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Switzerland · Jan. 1, 2017 · Metaanalysis A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Andrena afrensis Andrenidae	is pollinated by	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records Reji Chacko, M., Albouy, C., Altermatt, F., Brändle, M., Casanelles Abella, J., Boussange, V., Campell, F., Ellis, W. N., Fopp, F., Gossner, M. M., Ho., H., Joss, A., Kipf, P., Neff, F., Petrović, A., Prié, V., Tomanović, Ž., Zimmerli, N., Pellissier, L. (2024). trophiCH v1 - a … Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: no place published · no date published CSCF. (2017). Info fauna \| Data Server. info fauna Nationales Daten- und Informationszentrum der Schweizer Fauna. https://lepus.infofauna.ch/tab/ Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Switzerland · Jan. 1, 2017 · Metaanalysis A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Grote bandgroefbij Lasioglossum majus Halictidae	is pollinated by	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records Reji Chacko, M., Albouy, C., Altermatt, F., Brändle, M., Casanelles Abella, J., Boussange, V., Campell, F., Ellis, W. N., Fopp, F., Gossner, M. M., Ho., H., Joss, A., Kipf, P., Neff, F., Petrović, A., Prié, V., Tomanović, Ž., Zimmerli, N., Pellissier, L. (2024). trophiCH v1 - a … Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: no place published · no date published CSCF. (2017). Info fauna \| Data Server. info fauna Nationales Daten- und Informationszentrum der Schweizer Fauna. https://lepus.infofauna.ch/tab/ Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Switzerland · Jan. 1, 2017 · Metaanalysis A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Two-banded Nomad Nomada bifasciata Apidae	is pollinated by	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records Reji Chacko, M., Albouy, C., Altermatt, F., Brändle, M., Casanelles Abella, J., Boussange, V., Campell, F., Ellis, W. N., Fopp, F., Gossner, M. M., Ho., H., Joss, A., Kipf, P., Neff, F., Petrović, A., Prié, V., Tomanović, Ž., Zimmerli, N., Pellissier, L. (2024). trophiCH v1 - a … Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: no place published · no date published Martin, H. (n.d.). Wespenbienen: Nomada bifasciata. Retrieved 1 May 2023, from https://www.wildbienen.de/eb-nbifa.htm Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Germany · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 69, by number of studies See more of this type

interacts with 49 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Egyptian Rousette Rousettus aegyptiacus Pteropodidae	interacts with	9	no location
9 sources · 9 records Toledo et al., 2020 Published in globalbioticinteractions/aziz2021 Context: Israel · no date published Korine et al., 1998 Published in globalbioticinteractions/aziz2021 Context: Israel · no date published Moran and Keidar, 1993 Published in globalbioticinteractions/aziz2021 Context: Israel · no date published Korine et al., 1999 Published in globalbioticinteractions/aziz2021 Context: Israel · no date published Albayrak et al., 2008 Published in globalbioticinteractions/aziz2021 Context: Turkey · no date published Del Vaglio et al., 2011 Published in globalbioticinteractions/aziz2021 Context: Cyprus · no date published Barclay and Jacobs, 2011 Published in globalbioticinteractions/aziz2021 Context: South Africa · no date published Izhaki et al., 1995 Published in globalbioticinteractions/aziz2021 Context: Israel · no date published And 1 more source, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	interacts with	8	not compared
8 sources · 8 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1095127 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 25, 2014 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/219932484 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 14, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/9045790 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 3, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/9045796 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 3, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/17549249 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 15, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/255679821 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 19, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/192014528 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 24, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/195178518 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 25, 2023 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Eriobotrya japonica Rosaceae	interacts with	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. Accessed at <https://github.com/EOL/pseudonitzchia/archive/e5838965a186fba4b7215cd0d179c4526773bad5.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in EOL/pseudonitzchia Context: no place published · no date published https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/365019800 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 25, 2026 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/365019963 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 25, 2026 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Ryukyu Flying Fox Pteropus dasymallus Pteropodidae	interacts with	3	no location
3 sources · 3 records Nakamoto et al., 2007 Published in globalbioticinteractions/aziz2021 Context: Japan (Okinawa-jima) · no date published Nakamoto et al., 2009 Published in globalbioticinteractions/aziz2021 Context: Japan (Okinawa-jima) · no date published Vincenot et al., 2015 Published in globalbioticinteractions/aziz2021 Context: Japan (Yaeyama Islands) · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 49, by number of studies See more of this type

Flower visit

has its flowers visited by 41 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. Visiting a flower is not pollinating it. «Pollinates» is a different term and a different block, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	has its flowers visited by	21	not compared
21 sources · 21 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/100852822 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 11, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/101936398 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 26, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/102387862 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 2, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/102389405 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 1, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/102389406 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 1, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/102603811 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 6, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/103130305 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 13, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/103130514 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 15, 2021 · Human observation And 13 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Asian Hornet Vespa velutina Vespidae	has its flowers visited by	7	not compared
7 sources · 7 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/103761006 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 11, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/325710415 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 9, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/63474308 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 24, 2020 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64432313 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 8, 2020 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64432380 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 8, 2020 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/66268664 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 6, 2020 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/98370064 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 16, 2021 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Common Eastern Bumble Bee Bombus impatiens Apidae	has its flowers visited by	7	not compared
7 sources · 7 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/99284632 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 24, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/99284636 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 24, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/103129801 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 11, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/103130303 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 13, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/103275016 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 18, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/139370699 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 19, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/191989616 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 24, 2023 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Clavipes Sphinx Aellopos clavipes Sphingidae	has its flowers visited by	5	not compared
5 sources · 5 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/30660784 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 9, 2019 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/140274819 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 27, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/140803634 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 1, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/140803706 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 1, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/140994140 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 2, 2022 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 41, by number of studies See more of this type

has as a vector 7 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Great Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus lituratus Phyllostomidae	has as a vector	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records Galetti, M. & L. P. Morellato. 1994. Diet of the large fruit-eating bat Artibeus lituratus in a forest fragment in Brazil. Mammalia 58 (4): 661-665. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Brazil-Galetti1994 · no date published Zortéa, M. & A. G. Chiarello. 1994. Observations on the big fruit-eating bat, Artibeus lituratus, in an urban reserve of south-east Brazil. Mammalia 58 (4): 665-670. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Museu de Biologia Mello Leitao, Espiritu Santo · no date published Sazima, I., et al. 1994. The fruit bat Artibeus lituratus as a forest and city dweller. Ciência e Cultura 46: 164-168. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: City of Campinas · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Fraternal Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus fraterculus Phyllostomidae	has as a vector	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records Loaiza, C. R. 2010. Primer registro de Artibeus fraterculus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) en una zona de matorral húmedo montano en la provincia de Loja, Ecuador. Boletín Técnico, Serie Zoológica 9 (6): 78-84. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Parque Universitario Francisco Vivar · no date published Pinto, C. M., et al. 2013. Distribution, Abundance and Roosts of the Fruit Bat Artibeus fraterculus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Acta Chiropterologica 15 (1): 85-94. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: El Naranjo Creek, along the trail Malacatos-El Tambo-Catamayo · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Jamaica Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus jamaicensis Phyllostomidae	has as a vector	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Gardner, A. L. 1977. Feeding habits. In: Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae. Part II (R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones & D. C. Carter, eds.). pp. 293-350. The Museum, Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, USA. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Peru · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Bat Chiroptera	has as a vector	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at order level.
1 source · 1 record van der Pijl, L. 1957. The dispersal of plants by bats (chiropterochory). Acta Botanica Neerlandica 6: 291-315. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Unspecified · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 7, by number of studies See more of this type

is visited by 7 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Egyptian Rousette Rousettus aegyptiacus Pteropodidae	is visited by	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records Korine, C., I. Izhaki & Z. Arad. 1999. Is the Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus a pest in Israel? An analysis of the bat's diet and implications for its conservation. Biological Conservation 88: 301-306. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Rakefet Cave · no date published Kaisila, J. 1966. The Egyptian Fruit-Bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus Geoffr. (Megachiroptera, Pteropodidae) visiting flowers of Bombax malabaricum. Annales Zoologici Fennici 3 (1): 1-3. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Unspecified · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Northern Citrus Root Weevil Pachnaeus opalus Curculionidae	is visited by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/88732206 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 26, 2021 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Painted Lady Vanessa cardui	is visited by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1782456 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 12, 2006 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Yellow-throated Warbler (dominica/stoddardi) Setophaga dominica dominica Parulidae	is visited by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/258161548 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 11, 2025 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 7, by number of studies See more of this type

interacts with 4 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Eriobotrya japonica Rosaceae	interacts with	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. Accessed at <https://github.com/EOL/pseudonitzchia/archive/e5838965a186fba4b7215cd0d179c4526773bad5.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in EOL/pseudonitzchia Context: no place published · no date published https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/365019800 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 25, 2026 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/365019963 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 25, 2026 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Aellopos Sphingidae	interacts with	1	not compared	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/140070966 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 26, 2022 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Spilocaea Venturiaceae	interacts with	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
1 source · 1 record A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. Accessed at <https://github.com/EOL/pseudonitzchia/archive/e5838965a186fba4b7215cd0d179c4526773bad5.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in EOL/pseudonitzchia Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
no name	interacts with	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes no name for this organism.
1 source · 1 record A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. Accessed at <https://github.com/EOL/pseudonitzchia/archive/e5838965a186fba4b7215cd0d179c4526773bad5.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in EOL/pseudonitzchia Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 4, by number of studies

is adjacent to 3 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Chilicola friesei Colletidae	is adjacent to	2	not compared
2 sources · 4 records http://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ent:788957 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mcz Record contexts (sample): Valparaíso · April 1, 1917 · Preserved specimen; Valparaíso · April 1, 1917 · Preserved specimen http://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ent:788958 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mcz Record contexts (sample): Valparaíso · May 3, 1917 · Preserved specimen; Valparaíso · May 3, 1917 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Lacquered Bracket Ganoderma lucidum	is adjacent to	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3581872 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Tucson · Sept. 1, 1958 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3661424 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Plant Clinic, Tucson Botanical Gardens, Alvernon Ave. · June 26, 1990 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Phyllosticta eriobotryae Botryosphaeriaceae	is adjacent to	1	no location
1 source · 1 record https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3711983 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Hort. Gardens · Nov. 2, 1956 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 3 of 3, by number of studies

co-occurs ecologically with 3 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Rhizophagus manihotis Glomeraceae	co-occurs ecologically with	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record S. Pehim Limbu, S.L. Stürmer, G. Zahn, C.A. Aguilar-Trigueros, N. Rogers, & V.B. Chaudhary, Climate-linked biogeography of mycorrhizal fungal spore traits, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 122 (29) e2505059122, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2505059122 (2025). Accessed at <https://gi… Published in globalbioticinteractions/limbu2025 Context: no place published · Jan. 1, 2014 A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Paraglomus occultum Paraglomeraceae	co-occurs ecologically with	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record S. Pehim Limbu, S.L. Stürmer, G. Zahn, C.A. Aguilar-Trigueros, N. Rogers, & V.B. Chaudhary, Climate-linked biogeography of mycorrhizal fungal spore traits, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 122 (29) e2505059122, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2505059122 (2025). Accessed at <https://gi… Published in globalbioticinteractions/limbu2025 Context: no place published · Jan. 1, 2014 A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Entrophospora lamellosa Entrophosporaceae	co-occurs ecologically with	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record S. Pehim Limbu, S.L. Stürmer, G. Zahn, C.A. Aguilar-Trigueros, N. Rogers, & V.B. Chaudhary, Climate-linked biogeography of mycorrhizal fungal spore traits, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 122 (29) e2505059122, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2505059122 (2025). Accessed at <https://gi… Published in globalbioticinteractions/limbu2025 Context: no place published · Jan. 1, 2014 A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 3 of 3, by number of studies

is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of 3 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Entrophospora lamellosa Entrophosporaceae	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Wang, C., Zheng, M.M., Song, W.F., Chen, R.F., Zhao, X.Q., Wen, S.L., Zheng, Z.S. and Shen, R.F., 2021. Biogeographic patterns and co-occurrence networks of diazotrophic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in the acidic soil ecosystem of southern China. Published in globalbioticinteractions/globalamfungi Context: Asia · Jan. 1, 2014 A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Rhizophagus manihotis Glomeraceae	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	1	not compared
1 source · 2 records Wang, C., Zheng, M.M., Song, W.F., Chen, R.F., Zhao, X.Q., Wen, S.L., Zheng, Z.S. and Shen, R.F., 2021. Biogeographic patterns and co-occurrence networks of diazotrophic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in the acidic soil ecosystem of southern China. Published in globalbioticinteractions/globalamfungi Record contexts (sample): Asia · Jan. 1, 2014; Asia · Jan. 1, 2014 A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Paraglomus occultum Paraglomeraceae	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Wang, C., Zheng, M.M., Song, W.F., Chen, R.F., Zhao, X.Q., Wen, S.L., Zheng, Z.S. and Shen, R.F., 2021. Biogeographic patterns and co-occurrence networks of diazotrophic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in the acidic soil ecosystem of southern China. Published in globalbioticinteractions/globalamfungi Context: Asia · Jan. 1, 2014 A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 3 of 3, by number of studies

has as a pathogen 2 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species. It is a narrow block, and it cannot be the only one that is read: the most frequent term in the catalogue is the one above, which declares no harm, so much of what a reader would call a pest arrives there instead.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Loquat virus A Betaflexiviridae	has as a pathogen	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Mihara, T., Nishimura, Y., Shimizu, Y., Nishiyama, H., Yoshikawa, G., Uehara, H., Hingamp, P., Goto, S., and Ogata, H.; Linking virus genomes with host taxonomy. Viruses 8, 66 doi:10.3390/v8030066 (2016). Accessed at <ftp://ftp.genome.jp/pub/db/virushostdb/virushostdb.daily.tsv>… Published in globalbioticinteractions/virus-host-db Context: no place published · no date published · RefSeq A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pseudomonas syringae Pseudomonadaceae	has as a pathogen	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Siang, W. N. Host Index to Non-fungous Diseases of Plants in China. Beltsville, Md.: Plant Disease Survey, Division of Mycology and Disease Survey, Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Administration, United States Department of Ag… Published in millerse/BHL-Interactions Context: Sikang · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 2 of 2, by number of studies

Interaction data from Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI), GloBI 0.11. Each row keeps the citation its own study published.

Interactions are published at species level: they are not resolved by variety or race.

Each block is headed by the source's own term, read from this species' end — not by a category of ours. Two similar terms are not merged.

«Documented here» means the interaction was observed in this territory. It is not evidence that the species is here, and it does not enter the niche model.

Rhaphiolepis bibas (Lour.) Galasso & Banfi

Identidad taxonómica

Photos and conservation status

Interacciones documentadas

is a host of 343 organisms

is eaten by 232 organisms

Pollination

is pollinated by 69 organisms

interacts with 49 organisms

Flower visit

has its flowers visited by 41 organisms

has as a vector 7 organisms

is visited by 7 organisms

interacts with 4 organisms

is adjacent to 3 organisms

co-occurs ecologically with 3 organisms

is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of 3 organisms

has as a pathogen 2 organisms

Acompañantes documentados

Documented uses and recommendations