mulangu (Croton macrostachyus)

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Identidad taxonómica

Scientific name: Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile
Canonical name: The scientific name without its authorship or date, for example Zea mays instead of Zea mays L.: Croton macrostachyus
Authorship: The author or authors credited with publishing the scientific name. It is written after the name, sometimes with the year, for example L. (Linnaeus) in Zea mays L. An author in parentheses first published the name in another genus or rank.: Hochst. ex Delile
Common names: mulangu, mulugu, mutundu
Names in other languages (34)
Ngong’Ngo’, afrikankrotoni, bawa, bo, boa, edurufu, egbui ta lekango, egbuy, emmi, fulokpe, furekpe, furukwiet, guru, hilia, kadangu, kadjubu, kione, kitubu, mbulukutu, mokaka, morangora, mukole, mulangala, murarika, mushui, musuwe, neburudja, nzakwa, tigofo, tita fulokpe, tongi, umurangara, vu, wombulu
Kingdom: One of the broadest ranks of biological classification. It groups organisms that share very basic features, for example plants (Plantae), animals (Animalia) or fungi (Fungi).: Plantae
Phylum: Rank below kingdom that groups organisms with a shared general body plan, for example chordates (Chordata), arthropods (Arthropoda) or vascular plants (Tracheophyta). In botany the same rank is also called division.: Tracheophyta
Class: Rank below phylum, for example mammals (Mammalia), birds (Aves), insects (Insecta) or monocot plants such as grasses and orchids (Liliopsida).: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rank below class that groups related families, for example grasses and their relatives (Poales) or bats (Chiroptera).: Malpighiales
Family: Rank below order that groups related genera. Family names usually end in -aceae in botany (for example Poaceae, the grass family) and in -idae in zoology (for example Felidae, the cat family).: Euphorbiaceae
Genus: Rank that groups closely related species. Its name is the first word of a species' scientific name and starts with a capital letter, for example Zea in Zea mays.: Croton
Specific epithet: The second word of a species' scientific name. On its own it does not name the species: it always goes with the genus, for example mays in Zea mays.: macrostachyus
Taxonomic rank: The level a name occupies in the hierarchy of biological classification, such as kingdom, family, genus, species or subspecies.: species
Reference species: Croton macrostachyus
Taxonomic status: Whether the taxonomic catalogue the record comes from currently accepts this name for the organism, or treats it as a synonym of another accepted name or as doubtful.: accepted name

Photos and conservation status

IUCN Red List category: The extinction-risk category that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assigns to a species on its Red List. EX Extinct: there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild: it survives only in cultivation, in captivity or as a population far outside its past range. CR Critically endangered, EN Endangered and VU Vulnerable: the three threatened categories, from an extremely high to a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened: close to qualifying as threatened. LC Least concern: evaluated and not threatened. DD Data deficient: there is not enough information to assess its risk. NE Not evaluated: not yet assessed against the criteria. It describes the risk of the species worldwide, not its situation in a project's area.: Least concern (LC)
Source: IUCN Red List via GBIF, queried on 2026-10-09 13:39.

No photo with a publishable licence (CC0 or CC BY) was found for this species on 2026-10-09 13:39.

Interacciones documentadas

GloBI says it is documented somewhere in the world. Biolitica answers whether it could happen here.

A documented interaction means it was recorded somewhere in the world. It does not mean it occurs here.

Types shown: 6 of 6 is eaten by × is a host of × is preyed upon by × has as a vector × interacts with × has its flowers visited by ×

Blocks that do not sit under a navigation concept heading keep the source's own term: no navigation concept has been assigned to them yet.

is eaten by 21 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus Pycnonotidae	is eaten by	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records Dowsett-Lemaire 1988 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Malawi · no date published Dowsett Lemaire, F., 1988. Fruit Choice and Seed Dissemination by Birds and Mammals in the Evergreen Foresets of Upland Malawi. Rev. Ecology, 43(, pp.251-281. Published in globalbioticinteractions/AfricaTreeDatabase Context: no place published · no date published · direct observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Lemon Dove Columba larvata Columbidae	is eaten by	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records Dowsett-Lemaire 1988 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Malawi · no date published Dowsett Lemaire, F., 1988. Fruit Choice and Seed Dissemination by Birds and Mammals in the Evergreen Foresets of Upland Malawi. Rev. Ecology, 43(, pp.251-281. Published in globalbioticinteractions/AfricaTreeDatabase Context: no place published · no date published · direct observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Livingstone's Turaco Tauraco livingstonii Musophagidae	is eaten by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Dowsett-Lemaire 1988 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Malawi · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Schalow's Turaco Tauraco schalowi Musophagidae	is eaten by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Dowsett-Lemaire 1988 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Malawi · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 21, by number of studies See more of this type

is a host of 7 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. In the source ontology symbiosis covers mutualism, commensalism and parasitism alike, so this block holds attackers and allies side by side.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Septoria crotonis Mycosphaerellaceae	is a host of	3	no location
3 sources · 3 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1244169 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Eritrea · April 21, 1892 · Preserved specimen Nattrass, R.M.. 1961. Host lists of Kenya fungi and bacteria. Mycol. Pap. 81:1-46 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Kenya · no date published Castellani, E., and Ciferri, R.. 1937. Prodromus Mycoflorae Africae Orientalis Italicae. Istituto Agricolo Coloniale Italiano, Firenze :167 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Eritrea · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Green-veined Charaxes Charaxes candiope Nymphalidae	is a host of	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records HOSTS DB Published in globalbioticinteractions/ferrer-paris Context: no place published · no date published Gaden S. Robinson; Phillip R. Ackery; Ian Kitching; George W Beccaloni; Luis M. Hernández (2023). HOSTS (from HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants) [Data set resource]. Natural History Museum. https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/hosts/resource/877f387a-36a3-486c-… Published in globalbioticinteractions/HOSTS Context: East Africa · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Uraecium magnisporum	is a host of	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=967071 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Kiambu · Oct. 1, 1938 · Preserved specimen Cummins, G.B.. 1952. Uredinales from various regions. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 79:212-234 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Kenya · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Variable Emperor Gonimbrasia gueinzii	is a host of	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Gaden S. Robinson; Phillip R. Ackery; Ian Kitching; George W Beccaloni; Luis M. Hernández (2023). HOSTS (from HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants) [Data set resource]. Natural History Museum. https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/hosts/resource/877f387a-36a3-486c-… Published in globalbioticinteractions/HOSTS Context: East Africa · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 7, by number of studies See more of this type

is preyed upon by 6 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
African Buffalo Syncerus caffer Bovidae	is preyed upon by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Baskerville, E.B. et al. (2011) Spatial guilds in the Serengeti food web revealed by a Bayesian group model. PLoS Comp. Biol. 7, e1002321 Published in millerse/Serengeti Context: Serengeti savanna ecosystem in Tanzania · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Impala Aepyceros melampus Bovidae	is preyed upon by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Baskerville, E.B. et al. (2011) Spatial guilds in the Serengeti food web revealed by a Bayesian group model. PLoS Comp. Biol. 7, e1002321 Published in millerse/Serengeti Context: Serengeti savanna ecosystem in Tanzania · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
African Savanna Elephant Loxodonta africana Elephantidae	is preyed upon by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Baskerville, E.B. et al. (2011) Spatial guilds in the Serengeti food web revealed by a Bayesian group model. PLoS Comp. Biol. 7, e1002321 Published in millerse/Serengeti Context: Serengeti savanna ecosystem in Tanzania · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Topi Damaliscus korrigum	is preyed upon by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Baskerville, E.B. et al. (2011) Spatial guilds in the Serengeti food web revealed by a Bayesian group model. PLoS Comp. Biol. 7, e1002321 Published in millerse/Serengeti Context: Serengeti savanna ecosystem in Tanzania · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 6, by number of studies See more of this type

has as a vector 2 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
African Olive-pigeon Columba arquatrix Columbidae	has as a vector	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Dowsett Lemaire, F., 1988. Fruit Choice and Seed Dissemination by Birds and Mammals in the Evergreen Foresets of Upland Malawi. Rev. Ecology, 43(, pp.251-281. Published in globalbioticinteractions/AfricaTreeDatabase Context: no place published · no date published · direct observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Sykes' Monkey Cercopithecus albogularis Cercopithecidae	has as a vector	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Dowsett Lemaire, F., 1988. Fruit Choice and Seed Dissemination by Birds and Mammals in the Evergreen Foresets of Upland Malawi. Rev. Ecology, 43(, pp.251-281. Published in globalbioticinteractions/AfricaTreeDatabase Context: no place published · no date published · direct observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 2 of 2, by number of studies

interacts with 1 organism

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Green Peach Aphid Myzus persicae Aphididae	interacts with	1	not compared
1 source · 2 records Tri-Trophic Thematic Collection Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2016-03-08. http://tcn.amnh.org/. National Science Foundation grant(s) EF#1115081, EF#1115103, EF#1115080, EF#1115144, EF#1115191, EF#1115104, EF#1115115 Published in globalbioticinteractions/arthropodEasyCaptureAMNH Record contexts (sample): Arcadia · June 22, 1967 · Preserved specimen; Arcadia · June 22, 1967 · LabelObservation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

Flower visit

has its flowers visited by 1 organism

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. Visiting a flower is not pollinating it. «Pollinates» is a different term and a different block, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	has its flowers visited by	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records Hagen, M. and Kraemer, M., 2010. Agricultural surroundings support flower–visitor networks in an Afrotropical rain forest. Biological Conservation, 143(7), pp.1654-1663. Published in millerse/Pollination-Collection Context: northern part of Kakamega Forest · no date published Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

Interaction data from Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI), GloBI 0.11. Each row keeps the citation its own study published.

Interactions are published at species level: they are not resolved by variety or race.

Each block is headed by the source's own term, read from this species' end — not by a category of ours. Two similar terms are not merged.

«Documented here» means the interaction was observed in this territory. It is not evidence that the species is here, and it does not enter the niche model.

Acompañantes documentados

This agronomic reading comes from a source reserved for internal use, so it is not shown here.

Documented uses and recommendations

Uses and recommendations that a source documents for this species beside a crop, each in its own context. They are the source's statements, not traits of the species and not Biolítica's recommendations, and none of them is a relation between two species.

Among the sources you can read, none documents a use or recommendation of this species beside a crop.