Gumtree (Sapium glandulosum)

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Identidad taxonómica

Scientific name: Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong
Canonical name: The scientific name without its authorship or date, for example Zea mays instead of Zea mays L.: Sapium glandulosum
Authorship: The author or authors credited with publishing the scientific name. It is written after the name, sometimes with the year, for example L. (Linnaeus) in Zea mays L. An author in parentheses first published the name in another genus or rank.: (L.) Morong
Common names: Gumtree, milktree
Names in other languages (37)
Bird Lime, Bois Lait, Bois-la-glue, Cauchillo, Caucho, Figueirinha, Glu (La), Gum Tree, Keneiwe, Leiteiro, Leiteiro-de-folha-graúda, Mata-olho, Mata-olho-de-leite, Milkwood (Trinidad & Tobago); Gumtree, Nogogowe, Pau-branquilho, Pau-de-leite, Pela-cavalo, Piñique, Poëca, Sese caocho, Sipi yura, Tapuru, Toropi, alekosin, kumakalan, amatillo, burra-leiteira, burra-leiteira, murupita, bwa-dilèt, itey-avain, itey-avan, janaguba, meliki udu, mliekarka žliazkatá, seringarana, Ñipiñipi, Ñuto panka sipi yura, Ñu̱ká̱
Kingdom: One of the broadest ranks of biological classification. It groups organisms that share very basic features, for example plants (Plantae), animals (Animalia) or fungi (Fungi).: Plantae
Phylum: Rank below kingdom that groups organisms with a shared general body plan, for example chordates (Chordata), arthropods (Arthropoda) or vascular plants (Tracheophyta). In botany the same rank is also called division.: Tracheophyta
Class: Rank below phylum, for example mammals (Mammalia), birds (Aves), insects (Insecta) or monocot plants such as grasses and orchids (Liliopsida).: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rank below class that groups related families, for example grasses and their relatives (Poales) or bats (Chiroptera).: Malpighiales
Family: Rank below order that groups related genera. Family names usually end in -aceae in botany (for example Poaceae, the grass family) and in -idae in zoology (for example Felidae, the cat family).: Euphorbiaceae
Genus: Rank that groups closely related species. Its name is the first word of a species' scientific name and starts with a capital letter, for example Zea in Zea mays.: Sapium
Specific epithet: The second word of a species' scientific name. On its own it does not name the species: it always goes with the genus, for example mays in Zea mays.: glandulosum
Taxonomic rank: The level a name occupies in the hierarchy of biological classification, such as kingdom, family, genus, species or subspecies.: species
Reference species: Sapium glandulosum
Taxonomic status: Whether the taxonomic catalogue the record comes from currently accepts this name for the organism, or treats it as a synonym of another accepted name or as doubtful.: accepted name

Photos and conservation status

IUCN Red List category: The extinction-risk category that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assigns to a species on its Red List. EX Extinct: there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild: it survives only in cultivation, in captivity or as a population far outside its past range. CR Critically endangered, EN Endangered and VU Vulnerable: the three threatened categories, from an extremely high to a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened: close to qualifying as threatened. LC Least concern: evaluated and not threatened. DD Data deficient: there is not enough information to assess its risk. NE Not evaluated: not yet assessed against the criteria. It describes the risk of the species worldwide, not its situation in a project's area.: Least concern (LC)
Source: IUCN Red List via GBIF, queried on 2026-10-12 18:10.

Photo of Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong — Photo: Fernando Sessegolo · CC0 1.0 · View original image · Original observation

Research-grade iNaturalist observations via GBIF, CC0 or CC BY licences only, queried on 2026-10-12 18:10.

Interacciones documentadas

GloBI says it is documented somewhere in the world. Biolitica answers whether it could happen here.

A documented interaction means it was recorded somewhere in the world. It does not mean it occurs here.

Types shown: 6 of 6 is eaten by × has its flowers visited by × is pollinated by × is a host of × interacts with × is a symbiont of ×

Blocks that do not sit under a navigation concept heading keep the source's own term: no navigation concept has been assigned to them yet.

is eaten by 201 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus Vireonidae	is eaten by	5	not compared
5 sources · 5 records M_SD_022 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Andrade 2011 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Fontanari 2018 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Lefevre 2008 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Trinidad and Tobago · no date published doi:10.1002/ecy.1818 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bello2017 Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Northern Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus Tyrannidae	is eaten by	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records M_SD_022 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Fontanari 2018 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Lefevre 2008 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Trinidad and Tobago · no date published doi:10.1002/ecy.1818 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bello2017 Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Bananaquit Coereba flaveola Thraupidae	is eaten by	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records M_SD_010 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Trinidad and Tobago · no date published M_SD_022 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Andrade 2011 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Lefevre 2008 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Trinidad and Tobago · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris Turdidae	is eaten by	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records M_SD_022 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Andrade 2011 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Fontanari 2018 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published doi:10.1002/ecy.1818 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bello2017 Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 201, by number of studies See more of this type

Flower visit

has its flowers visited by 12 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. Visiting a flower is not pollinating it. «Pollinates» is a different term and a different block, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Trigona cilipes	has its flowers visited by Refuted	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Neocorynura	has its flowers visited by Refuted	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
1 source · 1 record Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Trigonisca buyssoni Apidae	has its flowers visited by Refuted	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Rusty-tailed Stingless bee Trigona ferricauda	has its flowers visited by Refuted	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 12, by number of studies See more of this type

Pollination

is pollinated by 11 organisms

This term declares that the organism benefits this species. «Visits the flowers of» is a different term and a different block: a visitor is not a pollinator, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Long-winged Toothed Stingless Bee Trigona nigerrima Apidae	is pollinated by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Ugo Mendes Diniz, Alexander Keller, Gunnar Brehm, Sabine Fernanda Viteri Lalama, Kilian Frühholz, Maximilian Pitz, Julia Windl, Santiago Erazo, Santiago Fernando Burneo, Marco Tschapka, Sara Diana Leonhardt; The neglected pollinators: settling moths are keystone floral visitors … Published in globalbioticinteractions/mendes-diniz-2025 Context: Ecuador · May 7, 2023 A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Angulate Stingless Bee Tetragona perangulata Apidae	is pollinated by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Ugo Mendes Diniz, Alexander Keller, Gunnar Brehm, Sabine Fernanda Viteri Lalama, Kilian Frühholz, Maximilian Pitz, Julia Windl, Santiago Erazo, Santiago Fernando Burneo, Marco Tschapka, Sara Diana Leonhardt; The neglected pollinators: settling moths are keystone floral visitors … Published in globalbioticinteractions/mendes-diniz-2025 Context: Ecuador · April 6, 2023 A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Trigona cilipes Apidae	is pollinated by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Ugo Mendes Diniz, Alexander Keller, Gunnar Brehm, Sabine Fernanda Viteri Lalama, Kilian Frühholz, Maximilian Pitz, Julia Windl, Santiago Erazo, Santiago Fernando Burneo, Marco Tschapka, Sara Diana Leonhardt; The neglected pollinators: settling moths are keystone floral visitors … Published in globalbioticinteractions/mendes-diniz-2025 Context: Ecuador · March 12, 2023 A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Guianan Stingless Bee Trigona guianae Apidae	is pollinated by	1	not compared
1 source · 2 records Ugo Mendes Diniz, Alexander Keller, Gunnar Brehm, Sabine Fernanda Viteri Lalama, Kilian Frühholz, Maximilian Pitz, Julia Windl, Santiago Erazo, Santiago Fernando Burneo, Marco Tschapka, Sara Diana Leonhardt; The neglected pollinators: settling moths are keystone floral visitors … Published in globalbioticinteractions/mendes-diniz-2025 Record contexts (sample): Ecuador · March 14, 2023; Ecuador · March 24, 2023 A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 11, by number of studies See more of this type

is a host of 10 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. In the source ontology symbiosis covers mutualism, commensalism and parasitism alike, so this block holds attackers and allies side by side.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
BOLD:AAA5397 Notodontidae	is a host of	41	not compared
41 sources · 41 records http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANA892-05 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Estacion Cacao · Nov. 13, 2003 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANA893-05 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Estacion Cacao · Nov. 7, 2003 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANA894-05 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Estacion Cacao · Dec. 19, 2003 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANB230-05 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Rancho Harold · Nov. 13, 1998 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANB233-05 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector San Cristobal, Sendero Pinyal · Nov. 7, 1998 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANB234-05 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Estacion Cacao · Nov. 7, 2003 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANB692-05 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Quebrada Heliconia · Dec. 2, 2004 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANC874-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Estacion Cacao · Nov. 18, 2003 · Material sample And 33 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
BOLD:ACE3907 Notodontidae	is a host of	9	not compared
9 sources · 9 records http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANB235-05 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Sendero Arenales · Dec. 8, 2003 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANB698-05 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Quebrada Heliconia · Dec. 4, 2004 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANC876-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Sendero Arenales · Nov. 30, 2003 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANC884-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Estacion Cacao · Nov. 11, 1998 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANC885-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector San Cristobal, Sendero Pinyal · Nov. 20, 1998 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANC888-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Estacion Cacao · Dec. 17, 2003 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANC891-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Rancho Harold · Nov. 12, 1998 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANC909-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Estacion Cacao · Nov. 10, 1998 · Material sample And 1 more source, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Neolithus fasciatus Triozidae	is a host of	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/323493960 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 27, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/155081635 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 16, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/388891553 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 6, 2026 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
BOLD:ACS1429 Sciaridae	is a host of	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=BCISP2328-15 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Canal de Panama, Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Barro Colorado Island, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute · Oct. 13, 2011 · Material … http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=BCISP2329-15 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Canal de Panama, Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Barro Colorado Island, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute · Sept. 8, 2011 · Material … http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=BCISP2330-15 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Canal de Panama, Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Barro Colorado Island, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute · Sept. 8, 2011 · Material … A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 10, by number of studies See more of this type

interacts with 2 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Neolithus fasciatus Triozidae	interacts with	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/328861141 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 29, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/335154418 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 14, 2026 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/157338128 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 20, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265059716 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 12, 2025 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Sysinas pallidipes Miridae	interacts with	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/339871353 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 22, 2026 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 2 of 2, by number of studies

is a symbiont of 1 organism

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Fungi Including Lichens Fungi	is a symbiont of	1	not compared	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at kingdom level.
1 source · 27 records Markesteijn L and Poorter L (2009). 'Seedling root morphology and biomass allocation of 62 tropical tree species in relation to drought- and shade-tolerance.' Journal of Ecology, 97(2), pp. 311-325. Published in globalbioticinteractions/fred Record contexts (sample): no place published · Jan. 1, 2006; no place published · Jan. 1, 2006 A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

Interaction data from Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI), GloBI 0.11. Each row keeps the citation its own study published.

Interactions are published at species level: they are not resolved by variety or race.

Each block is headed by the source's own term, read from this species' end — not by a category of ours. Two similar terms are not merged.

«Documented here» means the interaction was observed in this territory. It is not evidence that the species is here, and it does not enter the niche model.

Acompañantes documentados

This agronomic reading comes from a source reserved for internal use, so it is not shown here.

Documented uses and recommendations

Uses and recommendations that a source documents for this species beside a crop, each in its own context. They are the source's statements, not traits of the species and not Biolítica's recommendations, and none of them is a relation between two species.

Among the sources you can read, none documents a use or recommendation of this species beside a crop.