Purple Heart (Phytolacca rivinoides)

Identidad taxonómica

Scientific name: Phytolacca rivinoides Kunth & Bouché
Canonical name: The scientific name without its authorship or date, for example Zea mays instead of Zea mays L.: Phytolacca rivinoides
Authorship: The author or authors credited with publishing the scientific name. It is written after the name, sometimes with the year, for example L. (Linnaeus) in Zea mays L. An author in parentheses first published the name in another genus or rank.: Kunth & Bouché
Common names: Purple Heart, Venezuelan Pokeweed
Names in other languages (37)
Agouman, Airambo, Atosara, Babarro, Bakalau tape, Birór, Bledo moro (Cuba), Bròkö, Epinard de Cayenne, Epinard doux, Finchunu tape, Guaba, Hatun chukllu, Hatun sara, Huahuara, Intusara, Jaboncillo, Jabón panka, Jocato (Jamaica), Juan de Vargas (Puerto Rico), Juibaru, Lang bef, Mapanke’an, Moco de pavo (Dominican Republic), Po’jo, Raisin d'Amerique (Lesser Antilles), Raisin d'Amérique, Tsiepo’jo, Tuta yuyu, Wataraku, Wámpakar, Yakebe, Yakemeo, Yakibe, carurur-de-soldado, guaparrón, mucurá-caracá
Kingdom: One of the broadest ranks of biological classification. It groups organisms that share very basic features, for example plants (Plantae), animals (Animalia) or fungi (Fungi).: Plantae
Phylum: Rank below kingdom that groups organisms with a shared general body plan, for example chordates (Chordata), arthropods (Arthropoda) or vascular plants (Tracheophyta). In botany the same rank is also called division.: Tracheophyta
Class: Rank below phylum, for example mammals (Mammalia), birds (Aves), insects (Insecta) or monocot plants such as grasses and orchids (Liliopsida).: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rank below class that groups related families, for example grasses and their relatives (Poales) or bats (Chiroptera).: Caryophyllales
Family: Rank below order that groups related genera. Family names usually end in -aceae in botany (for example Poaceae, the grass family) and in -idae in zoology (for example Felidae, the cat family).: Phytolaccaceae
Genus: Rank that groups closely related species. Its name is the first word of a species' scientific name and starts with a capital letter, for example Zea in Zea mays.: Phytolacca
Specific epithet: The second word of a species' scientific name. On its own it does not name the species: it always goes with the genus, for example mays in Zea mays.: rivinoides
Taxonomic rank: The level a name occupies in the hierarchy of biological classification, such as kingdom, family, genus, species or subspecies.: species
Reference species: Phytolacca rivinoides
Taxonomic status: Whether the taxonomic catalogue the record comes from currently accepts this name for the organism, or treats it as a synonym of another accepted name or as doubtful.: accepted name

Photos and conservation status

IUCN Red List category: The extinction-risk category that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assigns to a species on its Red List. EX Extinct: there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild: it survives only in cultivation, in captivity or as a population far outside its past range. CR Critically endangered, EN Endangered and VU Vulnerable: the three threatened categories, from an extremely high to a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened: close to qualifying as threatened. LC Least concern: evaluated and not threatened. DD Data deficient: there is not enough information to assess its risk. NE Not evaluated: not yet assessed against the criteria. It describes the risk of the species worldwide, not its situation in a project's area.: Not available.

No photos have been requested for this species yet.

Interacciones documentadas

GloBI says it is documented somewhere in the world. Biolitica answers whether it could happen here.

A documented interaction means it was recorded somewhere in the world. It does not mean it occurs here.

Types shown: 6 of 6 is eaten by × is a host of × is dispersed by × has as a vector × interacts with × has its flowers visited by ×

Blocks that do not sit under a navigation concept heading keep the source's own term: no navigation concept has been assigned to them yet.

is eaten by 172 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Russet-backed Thrush Catharus ustulatus Turdidae	is eaten by	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records M_SD_019 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Costa Rica · no date published Blake 1992 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Costa Rica · no date published Gorchov 1995 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Peru · no date published Palacios 2016 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Colombia · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Blue-gray Tanager Thraupis episcopus Thraupidae	is eaten by	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records M_SD_010 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Trinidad and Tobago · no date published M_SD_019 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Costa Rica · no date published Palacios 2016 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Colombia · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Seba's Short-tailed Bat Carollia perspicillata Phyllostomidae	is eaten by	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records Gorchov 1995 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Peru · no date published Palmeirim 1989 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Costa Rica · no date published Gorchov, D.L., F. Cornejo & C. F.Ascorra. 1995. Dietary overlap between frugivorous birds and bats in the Peruvian Amazon. Oikos 74: 235-250 Published in globalbioticinteractions/NeoBat_Interactions Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Summer Tanager Piranga rubra Cardinalidae	is eaten by	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records M_SD_019 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Costa Rica · no date published Blake 1992 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Costa Rica · no date published Palacios 2016 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Colombia · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 172, by number of studies See more of this type

is a host of 8 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. In the source ontology symbiosis covers mutualism, commensalism and parasitism alike, so this block holds attackers and allies side by side.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Aecidium calotheum Pucciniaceae	is a host of	5	not compared
5 sources · 5 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11553611 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Los Rastrojos, near Puerto La Cruz · Jan. 23, 1928 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=961739 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Los Rastrojos, near Puerto La Cruz · Jan. 23, 1928 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1807420 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Los Rastrojos, near Puerto La Cruz · Jan. 23, 1928 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4310177 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Los Rastrojos pr. Puerto La Cruz · Jan. 23, 1928 · Preserved specimen Farr, David F.; Rossman, Amy Y.; Castlebury, Lisa A. (2021). United States National Fungus Collections Fungus-Host Dataset. Ag Data Commons. https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1524414. Accessed at <https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host/archive/47a3882c0c536… Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Venezuela · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Aecidium calotheum	is a host of	3	no location
3 sources · 4 records Dennis, R.W.G.. 1970. Kew Bulletin Additional Series III. Fungus Flora of Venezuela and Adjacent Countries.. Verlag von J. Cramer :531 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): Venezuela · no date published; Ecuador · no date published Chardon, C.e., and Toro, R.A.. 1934. Mycological Explorations of Venezuela.. Monogr. Univ. Puerto Rico, B 2:1-351 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Venezuela · no date published Kern, F.D., Thurston Jr., H.W., and Whetzel, H.H.. 1934. Uredinales. Monogr. Univ. Puerto Rico, B 2:262-303 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Venezuela · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
BOLD:AAH4813 Crambidae	is a host of	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHMYP957-12 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Camino Albergue Oscar · June 18, 2011 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHMYP958-12 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Camino Albergue Oscar · June 17, 2011 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHMYP959-12 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Camino Albergue Oscar · June 17, 2011 · Material sample A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
BOLD:AAI5734 Crambidae	is a host of	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHMYR879-12 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector San Cristobal, Estacion San Cristobal · Sept. 30, 2011 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHMYR885-12 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector San Cristobal, Estacion San Cristobal · Sept. 30, 2011 · Material sample A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 8, by number of studies See more of this type

is dispersed by 7 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus Thraupidae	is dispersed by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Snow, B.K., Snow, D.W. 1971. The feeding ecology of tanagers and honeycreepers in Trinidad. Auk, 88: 291-322. Published in globalbioticinteractions/web-of-life Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Black-faced Solitaire Myadestes melanops Turdidae	is dispersed by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Wheelwright, N.T., Haber, W.A., Murray, K.G., Guindon, C. 1984. Tropical fruit-eating birds and their food plants: a survey of a Costa Rican lower montane forest. Biotropica, 16: 173-192. Published in globalbioticinteractions/web-of-life Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Mountain Thrush Turdus plebejus Turdidae	is dispersed by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Wheelwright, N.T., Haber, W.A., Murray, K.G., Guindon, C. 1984. Tropical fruit-eating birds and their food plants: a survey of a Costa Rican lower montane forest. Biotropica, 16: 173-192. Published in globalbioticinteractions/web-of-life Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Silver-beaked Tanager Ramphocelus carbo Thraupidae	is dispersed by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Snow, B.K., Snow, D.W. 1971. The feeding ecology of tanagers and honeycreepers in Trinidad. Auk, 88: 291-322. Published in globalbioticinteractions/web-of-life Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 7, by number of studies See more of this type

has as a vector 3 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Seba's Short-tailed Bat Carollia perspicillata Phyllostomidae	has as a vector	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Ascorra, C. F., F. Cornejo & D. L. Gorchov. 1995. Dietary overlap between frugivorous birds and bats in the Peruvian Amazo. Oikos 74: 235-250. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Centro de Investigaciones Jenaro Herrera · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
NEW WORLD LEAF-NOSED BATS Phyllostomidae Phyllostomidae	has as a vector	1	not compared	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at family level.
1 source · 1 record Galindo-González, J., J. S. Guevara & V. J. Sosa. 2000. Bat- and bird-generated seed rains at isolated trees in pastures in a tropical rainforest. Conservation Biology 14 (6): 1693-1703. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Los Tuxtlas · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Turdus fuscater gigas Turdidae	has as a vector	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Zuluaga, J., Espinosa, A. (2005) Las aves como dispersoras de semillas en la suceción secundaria de un sector quemado del S. F.F. Iguaque, Boyacá. Trabajo de grado. Universidad pedagogica y tecnologica de Colombia. Published in globalbioticinteractions/delrisco2021 Context: Bogotá, Colombia · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 3 of 3, by number of studies

interacts with 2 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Bombus sp. Apidae	interacts with	1	not compared	Not a modelling unit: the source did not resolve a species — the name carries an open-nomenclature qualifier.
1 source · 1 record Romero, E., Pinilla Cruz, C., Cure, J.R., Riaño, D., Padilla, S., Aguilar, M.L. (2013) Desarrollo de un escenario de campo para el estudio de especies nativas de abejorros (Bombus spp.) De los Andes colombianos (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Revista Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, UMNG 9,… Published in globalbioticinteractions/delrisco2021 Context: Bogotá, Colombia · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	interacts with	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Montoya-Pfeiffer, P. M., León-Bonilla, D., Nates-Parra, G. (2014) Catálogo de polen en mieles de Apis mellifera provenientes de zonas cafeteras en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 38,… Published in globalbioticinteractions/delrisco2021 Context: Bogotá, Colombia · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 2 of 2, by number of studies

Flower visit

has its flowers visited by 1 organism

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. Visiting a flower is not pollinating it. «Pollinates» is a different term and a different block, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Volcano Hummingbird Selasphorus flammula	has its flowers visited by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Wolf, L.L., Stiles, F.G. and Hainsworth, F.R., 1976. Ecological organization of a tropical, highland hummingbird community. The Journal of animal ecology, pp.349-379. Published in millerse/Pollination-Collection Context: Cerro de la Muerte, Costa Rica · Dec. 20, 1966 A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

Interaction data from Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI), GloBI 0.11. Each row keeps the citation its own study published.

Interactions are published at species level: they are not resolved by variety or race.

Each block is headed by the source's own term, read from this species' end — not by a category of ours. Two similar terms are not merged.

«Documented here» means the interaction was observed in this territory. It is not evidence that the species is here, and it does not enter the niche model.

Acompañantes documentados

This agronomic reading comes from a source reserved for internal use, so it is not shown here.

Documented uses and recommendations

Uses and recommendations that a source documents for this species beside a crop, each in its own context. They are the source's statements, not traits of the species and not Biolítica's recommendations, and none of them is a relation between two species.

Among the sources you can read, none documents a use or recommendation of this species beside a crop.