Identidad taxonómica

Scientific name
Citrus ×aurantium L.
Canonical name: The scientific name without its authorship or date, for example Zea mays instead of Zea mays L.
Citrus aurantium
Authorship: The author or authors credited with publishing the scientific name. It is written after the name, sometimes with the year, for example L. (Linnaeus) in Zea mays L. An author in parentheses first published the name in another genus or rank.
L.
Common names
Seville orange, Sour orange, bigarade, bitter orange, bitter-orange, guntur sour orange, kichili, king-orange, kitchli, seville-orange, sour-orange, tangelo, uglifruit
Names in other languages (64)Aranzu, Bergamotte, Bigarade, Bigaradier, Bigaradier, Bigaradier, Bigarade, Oranger amer, Orange amère, Bigaradujo, Bitterorangen, Clementine, Hyuganatsu, Kahet, Orange, Oranger amer, Oranger amer, Bigaradier, Pomarańcza gorzka, Pomerans, Pomeranssi, Pomeranze, Taronger agre, Turunç, Zure sinaasappel, arancio, arancio amaro, clémentinier, daidai, grenki pomarančevec, gwanggyulnamu, hapanappelsiini, kaisei-tō, kaisei-tō, khatta, khushkhash, laranja, laranja-amarga, laranja-azeda, laranja-cavalo, laranja-da-terra, laranja-king, laranjeira, laranjeira-da-terra, melangolo, naranja agria, naranja amarga, naranja mateca, naranxal amarga, sadoogam, shishiyuzu, storcitrus, suan cheng, tangerina, yama-mikan, Νερατζιά, පැණි දොඩම්, 代代酸橙(代代花、玳玳花), 常山胡柚, 枳实, 橙, 橙叶, 橙皮, 玳玳花, 甜橙(橙,柑), 积壳, 酸橙, 黄果皮(橙子皮), 광귤
Kingdom: One of the broadest ranks of biological classification. It groups organisms that share very basic features, for example plants (Plantae), animals (Animalia) or fungi (Fungi).
Plantae
Phylum: Rank below kingdom that groups organisms with a shared general body plan, for example chordates (Chordata), arthropods (Arthropoda) or vascular plants (Tracheophyta). In botany the same rank is also called division.
Tracheophyta
Class: Rank below phylum, for example mammals (Mammalia), birds (Aves), insects (Insecta) or monocot plants such as grasses and orchids (Liliopsida).
Magnoliopsida
Order: Rank below class that groups related families, for example grasses and their relatives (Poales) or bats (Chiroptera).
Sapindales
Family: Rank below order that groups related genera. Family names usually end in -aceae in botany (for example Poaceae, the grass family) and in -idae in zoology (for example Felidae, the cat family).
Rutaceae
Genus: Rank that groups closely related species. Its name is the first word of a species' scientific name and starts with a capital letter, for example Zea in Zea mays.
Citrus
Specific epithet: The second word of a species' scientific name. On its own it does not name the species: it always goes with the genus, for example mays in Zea mays.
aurantium
Taxonomic rank: The level a name occupies in the hierarchy of biological classification, such as kingdom, family, genus, species or subspecies.
species
Reference species
Citrus aurantium
Taxonomic status: Whether the taxonomic catalogue the record comes from currently accepts this name for the organism, or treats it as a synonym of another accepted name or as doubtful.
accepted name

Photos and conservation status

IUCN Red List category: The extinction-risk category that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assigns to a species on its Red List. EX Extinct: there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild: it survives only in cultivation, in captivity or as a population far outside its past range. CR Critically endangered, EN Endangered and VU Vulnerable: the three threatened categories, from an extremely high to a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened: close to qualifying as threatened. LC Least concern: evaluated and not threatened. DD Data deficient: there is not enough information to assess its risk. NE Not evaluated: not yet assessed against the criteria. It describes the risk of the species worldwide, not its situation in a project's area.
Not evaluated (NE)
Source: IUCN Red List via GBIF, queried on 2026-10-09 06:24.
Photo of Citrus ×aurantium L.
Photo: Taylor DiTarando · CC BY 4.0 · View original image · Original observation
Photo of Citrus ×aurantium L.
Photo: The Great Walter · CC BY 4.0 · View original image · Original observation
Photo of Citrus ×aurantium L.
Photo: Emily E.M. · CC BY 4.0 · View original image · Original observation
Photo of Citrus ×aurantium L.
Photo: Niyan Shehan · CC0 1.0 · View original image · Original observation
Photo of Citrus ×aurantium L.
Photo: Edwin Wilke · CC0 1.0 · View original image · Original observation
Photo of Citrus ×aurantium L.
Photo: Hunter Hammil · CC BY 4.0 · View original image · Original observation

Research-grade iNaturalist observations via GBIF, CC0 or CC BY licences only, queried on 2026-10-09 06:24.

Interacciones documentadas

GloBI says it is documented somewhere in the world. Biolitica answers whether it could happen here.

A documented interaction means it was recorded somewhere in the world. It does not mean it occurs here.

Types shown: 12 of 14 is a host of × is eaten by × interacts with (this species is the record's destination) × is adjacent to × has its flowers visited by × has as a parasite × is pollinated by × is visited by × interacts with (this species is the record's origin) × is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of × eats × laysEggsOn × 2 more types with data for this species

Blocks that do not sit under a navigation concept heading keep the source's own term: no navigation concept has been assigned to them yet.

is a host of 559 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. In the source ontology symbiosis covers mutualism, commensalism and parasitism alike, so this block holds attackers and allies side by side.

Organism Reads as Studies Where it was documented Actions
Elsinoe fawcettii Elsinoaceae is a host of 192 not compared
Anthracnose Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Glomerellaceae is a host of 139 not compared
Citrus Black Spot Phyllosticta citricarpa Phyllostictaceae is a host of 115 no location
Citrus tristeza virus Closteroviridae is a host of 100 no location
Showing 4 of 559, by number of studies See more of this type

is eaten by 157 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism Reads as Studies Where it was documented Actions
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae is eaten by 9 not compared
Fox Squirrel Sciurus niger Sciuridae is eaten by 7 not compared
Oncometopia facialis Cicadellidae is eaten by 6 no location
California Ground Squirrel Otospermophilus beecheyi Sciuridae is eaten by 3 not compared
Showing 4 of 157, by number of studies See more of this type

interacts with 121 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism Reads as Studies Where it was documented Actions
Sweet orange scab Elsinoe australis Elsinoaceae interacts with 24 not compared
Citrus Leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Gracillariidae interacts with 20 not compared
Aegerita webberi Meruliaceae interacts with 9 not compared
Elsinoe fawcettii Elsinoaceae interacts with 5 not compared
Showing 4 of 121, by number of studies See more of this type

is adjacent to 37 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism Reads as Studies Where it was documented Actions
apple parlatoria Parlatoria cinerea Diaspididae is adjacent to 39 no location
citrus snow scale Unaspis citri Diaspididae is adjacent to 11 no location
Chaff scale Parlatoria pergandii Diaspididae is adjacent to 9 no location
Signiphora aleyrodis Signiphoridae is adjacent to 6 no location
Showing 4 of 37, by number of studies See more of this type

Flower visit

has its flowers visited by 37 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. Visiting a flower is not pollinating it. «Pollinates» is a different term and a different block, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism Reads as Studies Where it was documented Actions
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae has its flowers visited by 9 not compared
Anna's Hummingbird Calypte anna Trochilidae has its flowers visited by 2 not compared
Diptera has its flowers visited by Refuted 1 no location Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at order level.
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae has its flowers visited by Refuted 1 no location
Showing 4 of 37, by number of studies See more of this type

has as a parasite 27 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism Reads as Studies Where it was documented Actions
Citrus leaf miner parasitoid Citrostichus phyllocnistoides Eulophidae has as a parasite 2 no location
Semielacher petiolata Eulophidae has as a parasite 2 no location
Wasp Cirrospilus pictus Eulophidae has as a parasite 2 no location
Asecodes erxias Eulophidae has as a parasite 2 no location
Showing 4 of 27, by number of studies See more of this type

Pollination

is pollinated by 12 organisms

This term declares that the organism benefits this species. «Visits the flowers of» is a different term and a different block: a visitor is not a pollinator, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism Reads as Studies Where it was documented Actions
Chlorestes cyanus cyanus Trochilidae is pollinated by 1 not compared
Meliponini Apidae is pollinated by 1 not compared Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at tribe level.
Zale Moths Hemiptera is pollinated by 1 not compared Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at order level.
Coleoptera is pollinated by 1 not compared Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at order level.
Showing 4 of 12, by number of studies See more of this type

is visited by 5 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism Reads as Studies Where it was documented Actions
Convergent Lady Beetle Hippodamia convergens Coccinellidae is visited by 2 not compared
Forficula mediterranea Forficulidae is visited by 1 not compared
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae is visited by 1 not compared
Southern Green Shieldbug Nezara viridula Pentatomidae is visited by 1 not compared
Showing 4 of 5, by number of studies See more of this type

interacts with 4 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism Reads as Studies Where it was documented Actions
Citrus Citrus Rutaceae interacts with 1 no location Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
no name interacts with 1 no location Not a modelling unit: the source publishes no name for this organism.
Citrus Swallowtail Papilio demodocus interacts with 1 no location
Emperor Swallowtail Papilio ophidicephalus Papilionidae interacts with 1 no location
Showing 4 of 4, by number of studies

is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of 3 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism Reads as Studies Where it was documented Actions
Claroideoglomus Claroideoglomeraceae is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of 1 no location Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
Rhizophagus Monotomidae is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of 1 no location Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
Funneliformis Glomeraceae is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of 1 no location Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
Rhizophagus Monotomidae is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of 1 no location Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
Showing 4 of 3, by number of studies

eats 2 organisms

This term declares that the organism benefits this species.

Organism Reads as Studies Where it was documented Actions
Silvereye Zosterops lateralis Zosteropidae eats 1 not compared
Weka Gallirallus australis Rallidae eats 1 not compared
Showing 2 of 2, by number of studies

laysEggsOn 2 organisms

No sanctioned reading for this term yet: it is shown exactly as the source publishes it.

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism Reads as Studies Where it was documented Actions
Semomesia capanea Riodinidae laysEggsOn 1 not compared
Belenois java Pieridae laysEggsOn 1 not compared
Showing 2 of 2, by number of studies

Acompañantes documentados

This agronomic reading comes from a source reserved for internal use, so it is not shown here.

Documented uses and recommendations

Uses and recommendations that a source documents for this species beside a crop, each in its own context. They are the source's statements, not traits of the species and not Biolítica's recommendations, and none of them is a relation between two species.

Among the sources you can read, none documents a use or recommendation of this species beside a crop.