Sweetwood (Nectandra membranacea)

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Identidad taxonómica

Scientific name: Nectandra membranacea (Sw.) Griseb.
Canonical name: The scientific name without its authorship or date, for example Zea mays instead of Zea mays L.: Nectandra membranacea
Authorship: The author or authors credited with publishing the scientific name. It is written after the name, sometimes with the year, for example L. (Linnaeus) in Zea mays L. An author in parentheses first published the name in another genus or rank.: (Sw.) Griseb.
Common names: Sweetwood
Names in other languages (15)
Aguacatillo, Black Cedar, Bwa dou, Bwa sip, Carpeta, Hiwa, Hiwa blanca, Ishpinku méxico, Ishpinku negro, Kualmant+, Mus mus, Okatowe, Pinchi, Sweet Myers (Trinidad & Tobago); Laurelillo, Yana ahwa, canela-branca
Kingdom: One of the broadest ranks of biological classification. It groups organisms that share very basic features, for example plants (Plantae), animals (Animalia) or fungi (Fungi).: Plantae
Phylum: Rank below kingdom that groups organisms with a shared general body plan, for example chordates (Chordata), arthropods (Arthropoda) or vascular plants (Tracheophyta). In botany the same rank is also called division.: Tracheophyta
Class: Rank below phylum, for example mammals (Mammalia), birds (Aves), insects (Insecta) or monocot plants such as grasses and orchids (Liliopsida).: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rank below class that groups related families, for example grasses and their relatives (Poales) or bats (Chiroptera).: Laurales
Family: Rank below order that groups related genera. Family names usually end in -aceae in botany (for example Poaceae, the grass family) and in -idae in zoology (for example Felidae, the cat family).: Lauraceae
Genus: Rank that groups closely related species. Its name is the first word of a species' scientific name and starts with a capital letter, for example Zea in Zea mays.: Nectandra
Specific epithet: The second word of a species' scientific name. On its own it does not name the species: it always goes with the genus, for example mays in Zea mays.: membranacea
Taxonomic rank: The level a name occupies in the hierarchy of biological classification, such as kingdom, family, genus, species or subspecies.: species
Reference species: Nectandra membranacea
Taxonomic status: Whether the taxonomic catalogue the record comes from currently accepts this name for the organism, or treats it as a synonym of another accepted name or as doubtful.: accepted name

Photos and conservation status

IUCN Red List category: The extinction-risk category that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assigns to a species on its Red List. EX Extinct: there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild: it survives only in cultivation, in captivity or as a population far outside its past range. CR Critically endangered, EN Endangered and VU Vulnerable: the three threatened categories, from an extremely high to a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened: close to qualifying as threatened. LC Least concern: evaluated and not threatened. DD Data deficient: there is not enough information to assess its risk. NE Not evaluated: not yet assessed against the criteria. It describes the risk of the species worldwide, not its situation in a project's area.: Least concern (LC)
Source: IUCN Red List via GBIF, queried on 2026-10-13 11:10.

Photo of Nectandra membranacea (Sw.) Griseb. — Photo: Fabrício Mil Homens Riella · CC BY 4.0 · View original image · Original observation

Research-grade iNaturalist observations via GBIF, CC0 or CC BY licences only, queried on 2026-10-13 11:10.

Interacciones documentadas

GloBI says it is documented somewhere in the world. Biolitica answers whether it could happen here.

A documented interaction means it was recorded somewhere in the world. It does not mean it occurs here.

Types shown: 8 of 8 is eaten by × is dispersed by × is a mutualist of × is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of (this species is the record's origin) × is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of (this species is the record's destination) × is a host of × interacts with × has as a parasite ×

Blocks that do not sit under a navigation concept heading keep the source's own term: no navigation concept has been assigned to them yet.

is eaten by 295 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis Turdidae	is eaten by	5	not compared
5 sources · 6 records doi:10.1002/ecy.1818 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bello2017 Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published M_SD_022 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Castro 2015 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Machado-de-Souza 2019 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Stevenson 2015 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Colombia · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus Tyrannidae	is eaten by	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records M_SD_022 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Castro 2015 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Palacios 2016 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Colombia · no date published Stevenson 2015 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Colombia · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous Icteridae	is eaten by	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records M_SD_022 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Machado-de-Souza 2019 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Stevenson 2015 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Colombia · no date published doi:10.1002/ecy.1818 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bello2017 Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Red-ruffed Fruitcrow Pyroderus scutatus	is eaten by	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records M_SD_022 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Castro 2015 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published Machado-de-Souza 2019 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Brazil · no date published doi:10.1002/ecy.1818 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bello2017 Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 295, by number of studies See more of this type

is dispersed by 11 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis Turdidae	is dispersed by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Silva, W.R., P. De Marco, E. Hasui, and V.S.M. Gomes (2002) Patterns of fruit-frugivores interactions in two Atlantic Forest bird communities of South-eastern Brazil: implications for conservation. Pp. 423-435. In: D.J. Levey, W.R. Silva and M. Galetti (eds.) Seed dispersal and … Published in globalbioticinteractions/web-of-life Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous Icteridae	is dispersed by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Silva, W.R., P. De Marco, E. Hasui, and V.S.M. Gomes (2002) Patterns of fruit-frugivores interactions in two Atlantic Forest bird communities of South-eastern Brazil: implications for conservation. Pp. 423-435. In: D.J. Levey, W.R. Silva and M. Galetti (eds.) Seed dispersal and … Published in globalbioticinteractions/web-of-life Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Sharpbill Oxyruncus cristatus	is dispersed by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Silva, W.R., P. De Marco, E. Hasui, and V.S.M. Gomes (2002) Patterns of fruit-frugivores interactions in two Atlantic Forest bird communities of South-eastern Brazil: implications for conservation. Pp. 423-435. In: D.J. Levey, W.R. Silva and M. Galetti (eds.) Seed dispersal and … Published in globalbioticinteractions/web-of-life Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Azure-shouldered Tanager Thraupis cyanoptera	is dispersed by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Silva, W.R., P. De Marco, E. Hasui, and V.S.M. Gomes (2002) Patterns of fruit-frugivores interactions in two Atlantic Forest bird communities of South-eastern Brazil: implications for conservation. Pp. 423-435. In: D.J. Levey, W.R. Silva and M. Galetti (eds.) Seed dispersal and … Published in globalbioticinteractions/web-of-life Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 11, by number of studies See more of this type

is a mutualist of 10 organisms

This term declares that the organism benefits this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Blue Manakin Chiroxiphia caudata Pipridae	is a mutualist of	1	not compared
1 source · 2 records @article{article, author = {Silva, Wesley and De Marco Junior, Paulo and Hasui, Erica and Gomes, Veronica}, year = {2002}, month = {01}, pages = {}, title = {Patterns of Fruit-Frugivore Interactions in Two Atlantic Forest Bird Communities of South-eastern Brazil:Implications for… Published in globalbioticinteractions/mangal Record contexts (sample): no place published · March 1, 2000 · field observation/fecal analysis; no place published · March 1, 2000 · field observation/fecal analysis A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Sharpbill Oxyruncus cristatus	is a mutualist of	1	not compared
1 source · 4 records @article{article, author = {Silva, Wesley and De Marco Junior, Paulo and Hasui, Erica and Gomes, Veronica}, year = {2002}, month = {01}, pages = {}, title = {Patterns of Fruit-Frugivore Interactions in Two Atlantic Forest Bird Communities of South-eastern Brazil:Implications for… Published in globalbioticinteractions/mangal Record contexts (sample): no place published · March 1, 2000 · field observation/fecal analysis; no place published · March 1, 2000 · field observation/fecal analysis A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Golden-chevroned Tanager Thraupis ornata Thraupidae	is a mutualist of	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record @article{article, author = {Silva, Wesley and De Marco Junior, Paulo and Hasui, Erica and Gomes, Veronica}, year = {2002}, month = {01}, pages = {}, title = {Patterns of Fruit-Frugivore Interactions in Two Atlantic Forest Bird Communities of South-eastern Brazil:Implications for… Published in globalbioticinteractions/mangal Context: no place published · March 1, 2000 · field observation/fecal analysis A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Black-fronted Piping-guan Pipile jacutinga Cracidae	is a mutualist of	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record @article{article, author = {Silva, Wesley and De Marco Junior, Paulo and Hasui, Erica and Gomes, Veronica}, year = {2002}, month = {01}, pages = {}, title = {Patterns of Fruit-Frugivore Interactions in Two Atlantic Forest Bird Communities of South-eastern Brazil:Implications for… Published in globalbioticinteractions/mangal Context: no place published · March 1, 2000 · field observation/fecal analysis A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 10, by number of studies See more of this type

is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of 4 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Acaulospora Acaulosporaceae	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	2	not compared	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
2 sources · 2 records Haug, I, S Setaro, and JP Suarez, Reforestation sites show similar and nested AMF communities to an adjacent pristine forest in a tropical mountain area of South Ecuador. PLoS ONE 8:e63524. (2013). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063524 Published in globalbioticinteractions/maps Context: Ecuador · no date published Haug, I, T Wubet, M Weiss, N Aguirre, M Weder, S Gunter, and I Kottke, Species-rich but distinct arbuscular mycorrhizal communities in reforestation plots on degraded pastures and in neighboring pristine tropical mountain rain forest. Tropical Ecology 51:125-148. https://www.nc… Published in globalbioticinteractions/maps Context: Ecuador · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Claroideoglomus Claroideoglomeraceae	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	2	not compared	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
2 sources · 2 records Kottke, I, I Haug, S Setaro, JP Suarez, M Weiss, M Preussing, M Nebel, and F Oberwinkler, Guilds of mycorrhizal fungi and their relation to trees, ericads, orchids and liverworts in a neotropical mountain rain forest. Basic and Applied Ecology 9:13-23. (2008). doi:10.1016/j.baa… Published in globalbioticinteractions/maps Context: Ecuador · no date published Haug, I, S Setaro, and JP Suarez, Reforestation sites show similar and nested AMF communities to an adjacent pristine forest in a tropical mountain area of South Ecuador. PLoS ONE 8:e63524. (2013). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063524 Published in globalbioticinteractions/maps Context: Ecuador · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Glomus Glomeraceae	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	2	not compared
2 sources · 12 records Haug, I, S Setaro, and JP Suarez, Reforestation sites show similar and nested AMF communities to an adjacent pristine forest in a tropical mountain area of South Ecuador. PLoS ONE 8:e63524. (2013). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063524 Published in globalbioticinteractions/maps Record contexts (sample): Ecuador · no date published; Ecuador · no date published Kottke, I, I Haug, S Setaro, JP Suarez, M Weiss, M Preussing, M Nebel, and F Oberwinkler, Guilds of mycorrhizal fungi and their relation to trees, ericads, orchids and liverworts in a neotropical mountain rain forest. Basic and Applied Ecology 9:13-23. (2008). doi:10.1016/j.baa… Published in globalbioticinteractions/maps Record contexts (sample): Ecuador · no date published; Ecuador · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Archaeospora	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	1	not compared	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
1 source · 2 records Haug, I, S Setaro, and JP Suarez, Reforestation sites show similar and nested AMF communities to an adjacent pristine forest in a tropical mountain area of South Ecuador. PLoS ONE 8:e63524. (2013). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063524 Published in globalbioticinteractions/maps Record contexts (sample): Ecuador · no date published; Ecuador · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 4, by number of studies

is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of 3 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Glomus sp. Glomeraceae	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source did not resolve a species — the name carries an open-nomenclature qualifier.
1 source · 2 records Kottke, I.; Haug, I.; Setaro, S.; Suarez, J.P.; Weiss, M.; Preussing, M.; Nebel, M.; Oberwinkler, F., 2008. Guilds of mycorrhizal fungi and their relation to trees, ericads, orchids and liverworts in a neotropical mountain rain forest. Basic and Applied Ecology. Published in globalbioticinteractions/maarjam Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Claroideoglomus sp. Claroideoglomeraceae	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source did not resolve a species — the name carries an open-nomenclature qualifier.
1 source · 1 record Kottke, I.; Haug, I.; Setaro, S.; Suarez, J.P.; Weiss, M.; Preussing, M.; Nebel, M.; Oberwinkler, F., 2008. Guilds of mycorrhizal fungi and their relation to trees, ericads, orchids and liverworts in a neotropical mountain rain forest. Basic and Applied Ecology. Published in globalbioticinteractions/maarjam Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pristigloma Pristiglomidae	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
1 source · 8 records Kottke, I.; Haug, I.; Setaro, S.; Suarez, J.P.; Weiss, M.; Preussing, M.; Nebel, M.; Oberwinkler, F., 2008. Guilds of mycorrhizal fungi and their relation to trees, ericads, orchids and liverworts in a neotropical mountain rain forest. Basic and Applied Ecology. Published in globalbioticinteractions/maarjam Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 3 of 3, by number of studies

is a host of 2 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. In the source ontology symbiosis covers mutualism, commensalism and parasitism alike, so this block holds attackers and allies side by side.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Stoll's Rosema Rosema zelica Notodontidae	is a host of	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Gaden S. Robinson; Phillip R. Ackery; Ian Kitching; George W Beccaloni; Luis M. Hernández (2023). HOSTS (from HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants) [Data set resource]. Natural History Museum. https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/hosts/resource/877f387a-36a3-486c-… Published in globalbioticinteractions/HOSTS Context: Brazil · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Deuterollyta majuscula Pyralidae	is a host of	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Gaden S. Robinson; Phillip R. Ackery; Ian Kitching; George W Beccaloni; Luis M. Hernández (2023). HOSTS (from HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants) [Data set resource]. Natural History Museum. https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/hosts/resource/877f387a-36a3-486c-… Published in globalbioticinteractions/HOSTS Context: Puerto Rico · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 2 of 2, by number of studies

interacts with 2 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Chrysonotomyia nectandrigena Eulophidae	interacts with	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records Hansson, C. (2004) Eulophidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 2. <i>Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute</i>, 75, 1–536. Published in urn:lsid:checklistbank.org:dataset:124661 Context: no place published · no date published @article{69054, author = {Hansson, C.}, journal = {Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute}, pages = {1–536}, title = {Eulophidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 2.}, volume = {75}, year = {2004}, issn = {0065-8162} } Published in globalbioticinteractions/taxonworks Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Cecidellis nectandra Pirenidae	interacts with	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Heydon, S.L. & Hanson, P.E. (2005) A first review of the Coelocybinae of the New World (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). <i>Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovenicae</i>, 69(1-2), 147–166. Published in urn:lsid:checklistbank.org:dataset:124661 Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 2 of 2, by number of studies

has as a parasite 1 organism

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Chrysonotomyia nectandrigena Eulophidae	has as a parasite	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Hansso2004 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

Interaction data from Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI), GloBI 0.11. Each row keeps the citation its own study published.

Interactions are published at species level: they are not resolved by variety or race.

Each block is headed by the source's own term, read from this species' end — not by a category of ours. Two similar terms are not merged.

«Documented here» means the interaction was observed in this territory. It is not evidence that the species is here, and it does not enter the niche model.

Acompañantes documentados

This agronomic reading comes from a source reserved for internal use, so it is not shown here.

Documented uses and recommendations

Uses and recommendations that a source documents for this species beside a crop, each in its own context. They are the source's statements, not traits of the species and not Biolítica's recommendations, and none of them is a relation between two species.

Among the sources you can read, none documents a use or recommendation of this species beside a crop.