Locust (Hymenaea courbaril)

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Identidad taxonómica

Scientific name: Hymenaea courbaril L.
Canonical name: The scientific name without its authorship or date, for example Zea mays instead of Zea mays L.: Hymenaea courbaril
Authorship: The author or authors credited with publishing the scientific name. It is written after the name, sometimes with the year, for example L. (Linnaeus) in Zea mays L. An author in parentheses first published the name in another genus or rank.: L.
Common names: Locust, Brazilian Cherry, Brazilian copal, Jatobá or Brazilian Cherry, Locust tee, Stinking toe tree, Courbaril, West Indian locust, South American-locust, Stinking Toe Tree, Stinkingtoe, West Indian Locust, West Indian-locust, amami-gum
Names in other languages (48)
Abati, Algarrobo, Burandã, Carapa, Courbaril, Cuapinol, Heuschreckenbaum, Hymenaea courbaril obtusifolia, Hymenaea courbaril stilbocarpa, Hymenaea courbaril villosa, Hyménée courbaril, Graine bourrique, Copalier, Caroubier de la Guyane, Copalier du Brésil, Courbaril, Imbiúva, Jataí-amarelo, Jataí-peba, Jataí-vermelho, Jataíba, Jatobá-da-catinga, Jatobá-miúdo, Koubari, Mape piropiro, Palu Kuki, Pecueca, Ta̱má̱, amerikanjatobapuu, caroubier de la Guyane, copal, curbaril, farinheira, guapinol, hymenea ovocná, jatauba, jatobá, jutaí, jutaí-açu, jatayva, jataí, jatoba, jatobá, jitaí, jutaí, kaka-chien, koubari, kurbaryl obecný, loka, mepu, mëpu, paquio, simig, simii, simili, šimili, simili tabile, simili tamune, simili tubulu, talala, watala, yɨta’i, tsimini, 南美叉葉樹, 孪叶豆
Kingdom: One of the broadest ranks of biological classification. It groups organisms that share very basic features, for example plants (Plantae), animals (Animalia) or fungi (Fungi).: Plantae
Phylum: Rank below kingdom that groups organisms with a shared general body plan, for example chordates (Chordata), arthropods (Arthropoda) or vascular plants (Tracheophyta). In botany the same rank is also called division.: Tracheophyta
Class: Rank below phylum, for example mammals (Mammalia), birds (Aves), insects (Insecta) or monocot plants such as grasses and orchids (Liliopsida).: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rank below class that groups related families, for example grasses and their relatives (Poales) or bats (Chiroptera).: Fabales
Family: Rank below order that groups related genera. Family names usually end in -aceae in botany (for example Poaceae, the grass family) and in -idae in zoology (for example Felidae, the cat family).: Fabaceae
Genus: Rank that groups closely related species. Its name is the first word of a species' scientific name and starts with a capital letter, for example Zea in Zea mays.: Hymenaea
Specific epithet: The second word of a species' scientific name. On its own it does not name the species: it always goes with the genus, for example mays in Zea mays.: courbaril
Taxonomic rank: The level a name occupies in the hierarchy of biological classification, such as kingdom, family, genus, species or subspecies.: species
Reference species: Hymenaea courbaril
Taxonomic status: Whether the taxonomic catalogue the record comes from currently accepts this name for the organism, or treats it as a synonym of another accepted name or as doubtful.: accepted name

Photos and conservation status

IUCN Red List category: The extinction-risk category that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assigns to a species on its Red List. EX Extinct: there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild: it survives only in cultivation, in captivity or as a population far outside its past range. CR Critically endangered, EN Endangered and VU Vulnerable: the three threatened categories, from an extremely high to a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened: close to qualifying as threatened. LC Least concern: evaluated and not threatened. DD Data deficient: there is not enough information to assess its risk. NE Not evaluated: not yet assessed against the criteria. It describes the risk of the species worldwide, not its situation in a project's area.: Least concern (LC)
Source: IUCN Red List via GBIF, queried on 2026-10-09 06:55.

Photo of Hymenaea courbaril L. — Photo: prodewald · CC0 1.0 · View original image · Original observation

Research-grade iNaturalist observations via GBIF, CC0 or CC BY licences only, queried on 2026-10-09 06:55.

Interacciones documentadas

GloBI says it is documented somewhere in the world. Biolitica answers whether it could happen here.

A documented interaction means it was recorded somewhere in the world. It does not mean it occurs here.

Types shown: 10 of 10 is a host of × is eaten by × is visited by × is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of × interacts with × is pollinated by × is adjacent to × has as a parasite × is a symbiont of × has its flowers visited by ×

Blocks that do not sit under a navigation concept heading keep the source's own term: no navigation concept has been assigned to them yet.

is a host of 50 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. In the source ontology symbiosis covers mutualism, commensalism and parasitism alike, so this block holds attackers and allies side by side.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Uredo hymenaeae	is a host of	65	not compared
65 sources · 68 records Stevenson, J.A.. 1975. Fungi of Puerto Rico and the American Virgin Islands. Contr. Reed Herb. 23:743 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): Virgin Islands · no date published; Puerto Rico · no date published Dennis, R.W.G.. 1970. Kew Bulletin Additional Series III. Fungus Flora of Venezuela and Adjacent Countries.. Verlag von J. Cramer :531 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): Colombia · no date published; Venezuela · no date published Spaulding, P.. 1961. Foreign Diseases of Forest Trees of the World. U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 197:1-361 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): Venezuela · no date published; Cuba · no date published https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=965302 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Mayaguez South along Railroad · March 13, 1916 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=965303 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Livingston Finca, Dorado · April 5, 1938 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=965304 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: La Jagua, Mayaguez · March 6, 1916 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=965305 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Campo Alegre · April 21, 1916 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=965306 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Fajardo · April 20, 1916 · Preserved specimen And 57 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
BOLD:AAA7172 Notodontidae	is a host of	36	not compared
36 sources · 36 records http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANA863-05 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque Humedo · July 9, 2002 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANA864-05 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa · Oct. 11, 2003 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANA865-05 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector El Hacha, Casa Uno · Aug. 28, 2000 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANA866-05 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Pocosol, Quebrada Aserradero · May 9, 1996 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANB770-05 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Mundo Nuevo, Porton Rivas · Aug. 15, 2005 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANB771-05 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa · Sept. 7, 2004 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANC629-06 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Mundo Nuevo, Vado Agria · Sept. 28, 2005 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANC630-06 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Mundo Nuevo, Vado Agria · Oct. 5, 2005 · Material sample And 28 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Moresa Notodontidae	is a host of	10	not compared	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
10 sources · 10 records http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANA867-05 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector El Hacha, Casa Uno · Aug. 14, 2000 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHAND621-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque Humedo · Sept. 17, 1987 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHAND627-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque Humedo · Sept. 28, 1991 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHAND628-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Chiringon · Sept. 11, 1994 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHAND629-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Cafetal · Nov. 24, 1993 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHAND633-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque Humedo · July 14, 1984 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHAND635-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque Humedo · July 23, 1984 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHAND637-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Pocosol, Quebrada Aserradero · May 8, 1996 · Material sample And 2 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
BOLD:ACE3840 Notodontidae	is a host of	10	not compared
10 sources · 10 records http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANC633-06 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Mundo Nuevo, Porton Rivas · Aug. 29, 2005 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHANC639-06 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Mundo Nuevo, Vado Agria · Sept. 4, 2005 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHAND622-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Cafetal · Nov. 17, 1993 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHAND631-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Pocosol, Quebrada Aserradero · May 24, 1996 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHAND638-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Pocosol, Quebrada Aserradero · May 25, 1996 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHAND646-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Pocosol, Quebrada Aserradero · May 21, 1996 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHMXQ749-08 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Mundo Nuevo, Vado Miramonte · Aug. 5, 2007 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHMXQ752-08 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Mundo Nuevo, Vado Miramonte · Aug. 26, 2007 · Material sample And 2 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 50, by number of studies See more of this type

is eaten by 30 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Lowland Tapir Tapirus terrestris Tapiridae	is eaten by	4	no location
4 sources · 4 records Goebel LGA, Vitorino BD , Frota AVB, Santos-Filho M, 2023. Body mass determines the role of mammal species in a frugivore-large fruit interaction network in a Neotropical savanna. Published in globalbioticinteractions/neofrugivory Context: Brazil · no date published Tofoli CF, 2006. Frugivoria e dispersao de sementes por Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) na paisagem fragmentada do Pontal do Paranapanema, Sao Paulo (MSc thesis). Published in globalbioticinteractions/neofrugivory Context: Brazil · no date published Hannibal W, de Jesus PR, Oliveira RF, Ragusa-Netto J, 2019. Frugivory and seed dispersal by the Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) in a fragmented landscape of Cerrado in southern Goias, Brazil. Published in globalbioticinteractions/neofrugivory Context: Brazil · no date published Paolucci LN, Pereira RL, Rattis L, Silverio DV, Marques NCS, Macedo MN, Brando PM, 2019. Lowland tapirs facilitate seed dispersal in degraded Amazonian forests. Published in globalbioticinteractions/neofrugivory Context: Brazil · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Southern Muriqui Brachyteles arachnoides Atelidae	is eaten by	3	not compared
3 sources · 6 records doi:10.1002/ecy.1818 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bello2017 Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published @article{https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70049, author = {Fuzessy, Lisieux and Pizo, Marco Aurélio}, title = {NeoFrugivory: A comprehensive database for frugivory interactions and functional traits in the Neotropics}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {106}, number = {3}, pages = {e7004… Published in globalbioticinteractions/neofrugivory Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published Petroni LM, Huffman MA, Rodrigues E, 2017. Medicinal plants in the diet of woolly spider monkeys (Brachyteles arachnoides, E. Geoffroy, 1806) – a bio-rational for the search of new medicines for human use?. Published in globalbioticinteractions/neofrugivory Context: Brazil · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Greater Spear-Nosed Bat Phyllostomus hastatus Phyllostomidae	is eaten by	3	not compared
3 sources · 4 records McCracken GF, Bradbury JW. Social organization and kinship in the polygynous bat Phyllostomus hastatus. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 1981 Feb;8(1):11-34. Published in globalbioticinteractions/bat-co-roosting-database Record contexts (sample): no place published · Jan. 1, 1976; no place published · Jan. 1, 1976 McCracken, G.F. & J.W. Bradbury. 1981. Social organization and kinship in the polygynous bat Phyllostomus hastatus. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 8: 11-34 Published in globalbioticinteractions/NeoBat_Interactions Context: no place published · no date published https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/56462826 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 10, 2016 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Red-rumped Agouti Dasyprocta leporina Dasyproctidae	is eaten by	2	no location
2 sources · 6 records Mittelman P, Dracxler CM, Santos-Coutinho PRO, Pires AS, 2021. Sowing forests: a synthesis of seed dispersal and predation by agoutis and their influence on plant communities. Published in globalbioticinteractions/neofrugivory Record contexts (sample): Neotropics · no date published; Neotropics · no date published doi:10.1002/ecy.1818 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bello2017 Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 30, by number of studies See more of this type

is visited by 10 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Pallas's Long-Tongued Bat Glossophaga soricina Phyllostomidae	is visited by	4	not compared
4 sources · 5 records Gardner, A. L. 1977. Feeding habits. In: Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae. Part II (R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones & D. C. Carter, eds.). pp. 293-350. The Museum, Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, USA. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Record contexts (sample): Costa Rica · no date published; Brazil · no date published Heithaus, E. R., T. H. Fleming & P. A. Opler. 1975. Foraging patterns and resource utilization in seven species of bats in a seasonal tropical forest. Ecology 56: 841-854. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Finca La Pacifica, Guanacaste · no date published de Carvalho, C. T. 1961. Sobre os hábitos alimentares de Phillostomídeos (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Revista de Biologia Tropical 9 (1): 53-60. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Museu Goeldi, Belem · no date published Dobat, K. & T. Peikert-Holle. 1985. Blüten und fledermäuse. Blutenbestäubung durch fledermäuse und flughunde (chiropterophilie). pp. 1-370. Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Unspecified · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pale Spear-Nosed Bat Phyllostomus discolor	is visited by	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records Gardner, A. L. 1977. Feeding habits. In: Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae. Part II (R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones & D. C. Carter, eds.). pp. 293-350. The Museum, Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, USA. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Costa Rica · no date published Heithaus, E. R., T. H. Fleming & P. A. Opler. 1975. Foraging patterns and resource utilization in seven species of bats in a seasonal tropical forest. Ecology 56: 841-854. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Finca La Pacifica, Guanacaste · no date published Sazima, I. & M. Sazima. 1977. Solitary and group foraging: two flower-visiting patterns of the lesser spear-nosed bat Phyllostomus discolor. Biotropica 9 (3): 213-215. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Unspecified · no date published Dobat, K. & T. Peikert-Holle. 1985. Blüten und fledermäuse. Blutenbestäubung durch fledermäuse und flughunde (chiropterophilie). pp. 1-370. Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Unspecified · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Jamaica Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus jamaicensis Phyllostomidae	is visited by	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records Heithaus, E. R., T. H. Fleming & P. A. Opler. 1975. Foraging patterns and resource utilization in seven species of bats in a seasonal tropical forest. Ecology 56: 841-854. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Finca La Pacifica, Guanacaste · no date published Nellis, D. W. & C. P. Ehle. 1977. Observations on the behavior of Brachyphylla cavernarum (Chiroptera) in Virgin Islands. Mammalia 41: 403-409. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: St. Croix-Forest · no date published Gardner, A. L. 1977. Feeding habits. In: Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae. Part II (R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones & D. C. Carter, eds.). pp. 293-350. The Museum, Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, USA. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Costa Rica · no date published Dobat, K. & T. Peikert-Holle. 1985. Blüten und fledermäuse. Blutenbestäubung durch fledermäuse und flughunde (chiropterophilie). pp. 1-370. Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Unspecified · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus phaeotis	is visited by	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records Heithaus, E. R., T. H. Fleming & P. A. Opler. 1975. Foraging patterns and resource utilization in seven species of bats in a seasonal tropical forest. Ecology 56: 841-854. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Finca La Pacifica, Guanacaste · no date published Gardner, A. L. 1977. Feeding habits. In: Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae. Part II (R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones & D. C. Carter, eds.). pp. 293-350. The Museum, Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, USA. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Costa Rica · no date published Dobat, K. & T. Peikert-Holle. 1985. Blüten und fledermäuse. Blutenbestäubung durch fledermäuse und flughunde (chiropterophilie). pp. 1-370. Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Unspecified · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 10, by number of studies See more of this type

is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of 6 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Acaulospora foveata Acaulosporaceae	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record S. Pehim Limbu, S.L. Stürmer, G. Zahn, C.A. Aguilar-Trigueros, N. Rogers, & V.B. Chaudhary, Climate-linked biogeography of mycorrhizal fungal spore traits, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 122 (29) e2505059122, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2505059122 (2025). Accessed at <https://gi… Published in globalbioticinteractions/limbu2025 Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Claroideoglomus Claroideoglomeraceae	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
1 source · 3 records Medina, 2003. Interactions of arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi and Bacillus Strains and their effects on plant growth. microbial rhizosphere activity (thymidine and leucine incorporation) and fungal biomass (ergosterol and chitin). Applied Soil Ecology. doi:10.1038/sdata.2016.28 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycodb Record contexts (sample): lab · no date published; lab · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Acaulospora spinosa Acaulosporaceae	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record S. Pehim Limbu, S.L. Stürmer, G. Zahn, C.A. Aguilar-Trigueros, N. Rogers, & V.B. Chaudhary, Climate-linked biogeography of mycorrhizal fungal spore traits, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 122 (29) e2505059122, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2505059122 (2025). Accessed at <https://gi… Published in globalbioticinteractions/limbu2025 Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Acaulospora herrerae Acaulosporaceae	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record S. Pehim Limbu, S.L. Stürmer, G. Zahn, C.A. Aguilar-Trigueros, N. Rogers, & V.B. Chaudhary, Climate-linked biogeography of mycorrhizal fungal spore traits, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 122 (29) e2505059122, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2505059122 (2025). Accessed at <https://gi… Published in globalbioticinteractions/limbu2025 Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 6, by number of studies See more of this type

interacts with 5 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Anthonomus pruinosus Curculionidae	interacts with	3	no location
3 sources · 9 records Champion, Published in globalbioticinteractions/tamuic-ent Record contexts (sample): Costa Rica · no date published; Brazil · no date published https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=49153182 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Chapada · 0011-11-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=49153171 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Chapada · 0011-11-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Euplectrus chrisgrinteri Eulophidae	interacts with	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records Hansson, C., Smith, M.A., Janzen, D.H. & Hallwachs, W. (2015) Integrative taxonomy of New World <i>Euplectrus</i> Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with focus on 55 new species from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica. <i>ZooKeys</i>, 485, 1–236. Published in urn:lsid:checklistbank.org:dataset:124661 Context: no place published · no date published @article{69104, author = {Hansson, C. and Smith, M.A. and Janzen, D.H. and Hallwachs, W}, booktitle = {ZooKeys}, journal = {ZooKeys}, month = {mar}, day = {10}, pages = {1-236}, title = {Integrative taxonomy of New World <i>Euplectrus</i> Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eul… Published in globalbioticinteractions/taxonworks Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Braconid wasp Opius anastrephae Braconidae	interacts with	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records Viereck, Published in globalbioticinteractions/tamuic-ent Context: United States of America · no date published https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=48878929 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: 1 Colony Park Circle · Nov. 6, 2019 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Anthonomus subparallelus Curculionidae	interacts with	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records Champion, Published in globalbioticinteractions/tamuic-ent Context: Costa Rica · no date published https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=49155506 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: La Pacifica · Sept. 30, 2019 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 5, by number of studies See more of this type

Pollination

is pollinated by 2 organisms

This term declares that the organism benefits this species. «Visits the flowers of» is a different term and a different block: a visitor is not a pollinator, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Tailed Tailless Bat Anoura caudifer Phyllostomidae	is pollinated by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Iamara-Nogueira, J., Targhetta, N., Allain, G., Gambarini, A., Pinto, A. R., Rui, A. M., Araújo, A. C., Lopes, A., Pereira-Silva, B., de Camargo, B. B., Machado, C. G., Missagia, C., Scultori, C., Boscolo, D., Fischer, E., Araújo-Oliveira, E. S., Gava, H., Paulino-Neto, H. F., M… Published in globalbioticinteractions/ATLANTIC_POLLINATION Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pallas's Long-Tongued Bat Glossophaga soricina Phyllostomidae	is pollinated by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Iamara-Nogueira, J., Targhetta, N., Allain, G., Gambarini, A., Pinto, A. R., Rui, A. M., Araújo, A. C., Lopes, A., Pereira-Silva, B., de Camargo, B. B., Machado, C. G., Missagia, C., Scultori, C., Boscolo, D., Fischer, E., Araújo-Oliveira, E. S., Gava, H., Paulino-Neto, H. F., M… Published in globalbioticinteractions/ATLANTIC_POLLINATION Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 2 of 2, by number of studies

is adjacent to 1 organism

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Uredo hymenaeae	is adjacent to	7	not compared
7 sources · 7 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2716698 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Mex Hwy. 190, 8 mi E of junction with Hwy. 35, 2150' · Nov. 20, 1974 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2716697 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Vega Baja · Nov. 5, 1913 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2130975 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Mayagüez, Puerto Rico · Oct. 31, 1913 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2130980 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Mayaguez [Mayagüez] · Oct. 31, 1913 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2130981 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Mayaguez [Mayagüez] · Oct. 31, 1913 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2130983 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Mayaguez [Mayagüez] · Oct. 31, 1913 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2130984 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Mayaguez · Oct. 31, 1913 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

has as a parasite 1 organism

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Euplectrus chrisgrinteri Eulophidae	has as a parasite	1	no location
1 source · 1 record HanssoSmJa2015 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

is a symbiont of 1 organism

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Fungi Including Lichens Fungi	is a symbiont of	1	not compared	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at kingdom level.
1 source · 27 records Markesteijn L and Poorter L (2009). 'Seedling root morphology and biomass allocation of 62 tropical tree species in relation to drought- and shade-tolerance.' Journal of Ecology, 97(2), pp. 311-325. Published in globalbioticinteractions/fred Record contexts (sample): no place published · Jan. 1, 2006; no place published · Jan. 1, 2006 A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

Flower visit

has its flowers visited by 1 organism

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. Visiting a flower is not pollinating it. «Pollinates» is a different term and a different block, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Greater Spear-Nosed Bat Phyllostomus hastatus Phyllostomidae	has its flowers visited by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/56462826 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 10, 2016 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

Interaction data from Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI), GloBI 0.11. Each row keeps the citation its own study published.

Interactions are published at species level: they are not resolved by variety or race.

Each block is headed by the source's own term, read from this species' end — not by a category of ours. Two similar terms are not merged.

«Documented here» means the interaction was observed in this territory. It is not evidence that the species is here, and it does not enter the niche model.

Acompañantes documentados

This agronomic reading comes from a source reserved for internal use, so it is not shown here.

Documented uses and recommendations

Uses and recommendations that a source documents for this species beside a crop, each in its own context. They are the source's statements, not traits of the species and not Biolítica's recommendations, and none of them is a relation between two species.

Among the sources you can read, none documents a use or recommendation of this species beside a crop.