French plantain (Musa paradisiaca)

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Identidad taxonómica

Scientific name: Musa ×paradisiaca L.
Canonical name: The scientific name without its authorship or date, for example Zea mays instead of Zea mays L.: Musa paradisiaca
Authorship: The author or authors credited with publishing the scientific name. It is written after the name, sometimes with the year, for example L. (Linnaeus) in Zea mays L. An author in parentheses first published the name in another genus or rank.: L.
Common names: French plantain, banana, plantain, plantain banana
Names in other languages (33)
Banane, Banane carrée, Banane cornée, Figue blanc, Bananier, Plantain, Bananier, Banán, Brɔdeɛ, Ess-Banane, Hontsi, Mehlbanane, Meika, Meià, Trovi, bakbanaan, banana-caturra, banana-da-terra, banana-de-São-Tomé, banana-maçã, banana-ouro, banana-prata, banane plantain, bananeira, bananera, banano, meià, mei’a, meika, mäi’a, močnati bananovec, mäi’a, mï’a mëi’a, pisang nangka, Õre ingavrea, 大蕉, 大蕉皮, 粉芭蕉, 香蕉, 香蕉根, 바나나
Kingdom: One of the broadest ranks of biological classification. It groups organisms that share very basic features, for example plants (Plantae), animals (Animalia) or fungi (Fungi).: Plantae
Phylum: Rank below kingdom that groups organisms with a shared general body plan, for example chordates (Chordata), arthropods (Arthropoda) or vascular plants (Tracheophyta). In botany the same rank is also called division.: Tracheophyta
Class: Rank below phylum, for example mammals (Mammalia), birds (Aves), insects (Insecta) or monocot plants such as grasses and orchids (Liliopsida).: Liliopsida
Order: Rank below class that groups related families, for example grasses and their relatives (Poales) or bats (Chiroptera).: Zingiberales
Family: Rank below order that groups related genera. Family names usually end in -aceae in botany (for example Poaceae, the grass family) and in -idae in zoology (for example Felidae, the cat family).: Musaceae
Genus: Rank that groups closely related species. Its name is the first word of a species' scientific name and starts with a capital letter, for example Zea in Zea mays.: Musa
Specific epithet: The second word of a species' scientific name. On its own it does not name the species: it always goes with the genus, for example mays in Zea mays.: paradisiaca
Taxonomic rank: The level a name occupies in the hierarchy of biological classification, such as kingdom, family, genus, species or subspecies.: species
Reference species: Musa paradisiaca
Taxonomic status: Whether the taxonomic catalogue the record comes from currently accepts this name for the organism, or treats it as a synonym of another accepted name or as doubtful.: accepted name

Photos and conservation status

IUCN Red List category: The extinction-risk category that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assigns to a species on its Red List. EX Extinct: there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild: it survives only in cultivation, in captivity or as a population far outside its past range. CR Critically endangered, EN Endangered and VU Vulnerable: the three threatened categories, from an extremely high to a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened: close to qualifying as threatened. LC Least concern: evaluated and not threatened. DD Data deficient: there is not enough information to assess its risk. NE Not evaluated: not yet assessed against the criteria. It describes the risk of the species worldwide, not its situation in a project's area.: Not evaluated (NE)
Source: IUCN Red List via GBIF, queried on 2026-10-09 06:24.

Photo of Musa ×paradisiaca L. — Photo: Sinaloa Silvestre · CC0 1.0 · View original image · Original observation

Research-grade iNaturalist observations via GBIF, CC0 or CC BY licences only, queried on 2026-10-09 06:24.

Interacciones documentadas

GloBI says it is documented somewhere in the world. Biolitica answers whether it could happen here.

A documented interaction means it was recorded somewhere in the world. It does not mean it occurs here.

Types shown: 9 of 9 is a host of × is eaten by × interacts with × has its flowers visited by × is adjacent to × has as a vector × is visited by × is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of × is pollinated by ×

Blocks that do not sit under a navigation concept heading keep the source's own term: no navigation concept has been assigned to them yet.

is a host of 149 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. In the source ontology symbiosis covers mutualism, commensalism and parasitism alike, so this block holds attackers and allies side by side.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Gloeosporium musarum Drepanopezizaceae	is a host of	18	not compared
18 sources · 18 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11746228 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Boston, Market · Jan. 1, 1905 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=14703289 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Syracuse · July 1, 1894 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11237386 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Syracuse · July 1, 1891 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3369718 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · July 1, 1891 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3547617 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Gainesville · Oct. 20, 1935 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3721473 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Syracuse. · July 1, 1894 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3721475 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Boston, Market. · no date published · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4944093 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · July 1, 1894 · Exsiccati And 10 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pseudocercospora musae Mycosphaerellaceae	is a host of	13	not compared
13 sources · 13 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2911220 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · Jan. 26, 1930 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2912107 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · Dec. 28, 1945 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2898656 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Vega Baja · Jan. 26, 1936 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2898606 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: 586 Ballough Rd. · Oct. 13, 1958 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3579590 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Escuela Agricola Panamericana · Dec. 1, 1950 · Preserved specimen Delgado, G.. 2011. Nicaraguan fungi: a checklist of hyphomycetes. Mycotaxon 115:534- Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Nicaragua · no date published Giatgong, P.. 1980. Host Index of Plant Diseases in Thailand. Second Edition. Mycology Branch, Plant Pathology and Microbiology Division, Department of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand -:118 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Thailand · no date published Stevenson, J.A., and Wellman, F.L.. 1944. A preliminary account of the plant diseases of El Salvador. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 34:259-268 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: El Salvador · no date published And 5 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Phyllosticta musarum Phyllostictaceae	is a host of	13	not compared
13 sources · 14 records Wong, M.-H., Crous, P.W., Henderson, J., Groenewald, J.Z., and Drenth, A.. 2012. %Phyllosticta% species associated witih freckle disease of banana. Fung. Diversity 56:173-187 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): India · no date published; Thailand · no date published https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11786965 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Saigon, Botanic Garden · May 19, 1920 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11786966 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Sarawak, Kampong Beradek · Aug. 2, 1962 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11786230 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Sarawak, Kampong Beradek · Aug. 2, 1962 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11552909 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Manila · March 26, 1913 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11553146 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Antipolo, Rizal Prov., Luzon · Aug. 20, 1913 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2881554 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Luzon · Aug. 20, 1913 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4388139 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Pr. Manila · March 26, 1913 · Preserved specimen And 5 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Guignardia musae	is a host of	6	not compared
6 sources · 6 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2752021 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Hakipuu · June 19, 1921 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2752616 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Hakipuu · June 19, 1921 · Preserved specimen 04e8ca2b-cbc1-46fb-8d32-7aa20106479b Published in globalbioticinteractions/bpbm-ent Context: Hakipuu · June 19, 1921 · Preserved specimen c43e0554-bef6-4290-bd15-8c84292dfcda Published in globalbioticinteractions/bpbm-ent Context: Hakipuu · June 19, 1921 · Preserved specimen Farr, David F.; Rossman, Amy Y.; Castlebury, Lisa A. (2021). United States National Fungus Collections Fungus-Host Dataset. Ag Data Commons. https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1524414. Accessed at <https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host/archive/47a3882c0c536… Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Thailand · no date published Giatgong, P.. 1980. Host Index of Plant Diseases in Thailand. Second Edition. Mycology Branch, Plant Pathology and Microbiology Division, Department of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand -:118 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Thailand · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 149, by number of studies See more of this type

is eaten by 102 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Indian Flying Fox Pteropus giganteus Pteropodidae	is eaten by	5	not compared
5 sources · 5 records Jeevan, E. N., et al. 2013. Studies on feeding activity of fruit eating bat (Pteropus giganteus) in Shivamogga area, Karnataka, India. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences 15 (3): 551-554. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Shivamogga · no date published Sudhakaran, M. R. & P. S. Doss. 2012. Food and foraging preferences of three pteropodid bats in southern India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4 (1): 2295-2303. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Tamil Nadu · no date published Sudhakaran 2012 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: India · no date published Bates, P. J. J., and D. L. Harrison. 1997. BATS OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT. Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, Kent, UK, 258 pp. ISBN 0-9517313-1-9, price (paper), Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 79, Issue 4, 3 December 1998, Pages 1441–1443, https://doi.org/10.2307/1383036 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bat-co-roosting-database Context: India and Sri Lanka · no date published ACS Published in qgroom/bat-co-roosting-database Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Great Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus lituratus Phyllostomidae	is eaten by	4	not compared
4 sources · 7 records doi:10.1002/ecy.1818 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bello2017 Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published Gardner, A. L. 1977. Feeding habits. In: Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae. Part II (R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones & D. C. Carter, eds.). pp. 293-350. The Museum, Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, USA. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Unspecified · no date published Saldana-Vasquez 2010 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Mexico · no date published Passos, J.G. & M. Passamani. 2003. Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae): biologia e dispers�o de sementes no Parque do Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leit�o, Santa Teresa (ES). Natureza on line 1(1): 1�6 Published in globalbioticinteractions/NeoBat_Interactions Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Dried Currant Moth Cadra cautella Pyralidae	is eaten by	3	no location
3 sources · 3 records Levine, N.D. 1988. The Protozoan Phylum Apicomplexa. Vol. 1. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.; Navile, A., 1930. Recherches cytologiques sur les schizogregarines. I. Le cycle evolutif de mattesia dispora n.g., n.sp. Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat. 11: 375. Published in millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens Context: no place published · no date published Sprague, V. 1977. Annotated List of Species of Microsporidia. pp. 31-334. In Bulla, L.A. and Cheng, T.C. [eds.], Comparative Pathobiology V. 2; Systematics of the Microsporidia. Plenum Press, New York; Kellen, W. R. and Lindegren, J. E., 1973. Nosema invadens sp. n. (Microsporid… Published in millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens Context: USA · no date published Burges, H. D., Canning, E. U., Hurst, J. A., 1971. Morphology, development, and pathogenicity of Nosema oryzaephili n. sp. in Oryzaephilus surinamensis and its host range among granivorous insects. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 17: 419-432. Published in millerse/Ecological-Database-of-the-World-s-Insect-Pathogens Context: UK · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Greater Spear-Nosed Bat Phyllostomus hastatus Phyllostomidae	is eaten by	3	not compared
3 sources · 4 records doi:10.1002/ecy.1818 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bello2017 Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published Gardner, A. L. 1977. Feeding habits. In: Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomatidae. Part II (R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones & D. C. Carter, eds.). pp. 293-350. The Museum, Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, USA. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Brazil · no date published Santos, M.; Aguirre, L.F.; V¬ázquez, L.B.; Ortega, J. Phyllostomus hastatus. Mamm. Species, 2003, 722, 1-6. Published in globalbioticinteractions/bat-co-roosting-database Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 102, by number of studies See more of this type

interacts with 25 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Phyllosticta musarum Phyllostictaceae	interacts with	14	not compared
14 sources · 14 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1225681 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Intercepted Miami Florida #016305 · June 9, 1977 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1225682 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Intercepted Hawaii #029825 · April 9, 1975 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1225684 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Intercepted Seattle Washington #006391 · Jan. 29, 1972 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1225686 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Intercepted San Francisco California #004079 · April 28, 1972 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1225688 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Intercepted Hawaii #26938 · Feb. 2, 1961 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1225689 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Intercepted Hawaii #49123 · June 8, 1966 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1225692 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Keelung Intercepted Hawaii #27803 · May 2, 1961 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1225694 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Country uncertain · Sept. 9, 1924 · Preserved specimen And 6 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pacific Flying Fox Pteropus tonganus Pteropodidae	interacts with	3	no location
3 sources · 3 records Pierson et al., 1996 Published in globalbioticinteractions/aziz2021 Context: Samoan archipelago · no date published Banack and Grant, 2003 Published in globalbioticinteractions/aziz2021 Context: Samoan archipelago · no date published Nelson et al., 2005a Published in globalbioticinteractions/aziz2021 Context: American Samoa · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Indian Flying Fox Pteropus giganteus Pteropodidae	interacts with	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records Sudhakaran and Doss, 2012 Published in globalbioticinteractions/aziz2021 Context: India · no date published Aung and Htay, 2019 Published in globalbioticinteractions/aziz2021 Context: Myanmar · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Fat Sleeper Dormitator maculatus Eleotridae	interacts with	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://cvcoll.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1088736 Published in globalbioticinteractions/csvcoll Context: Parque Nacional Lago Enriquillo e Isla Cabritos, por el Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos (INDHRI) · Aug. 14, 2015 · Preserved spe… https://cvcoll.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1088737 Published in globalbioticinteractions/csvcoll Context: Parque Nacional Lago Enriquillo e Isla Cabritos, por el Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos (INDHRI) · Aug. 14, 2015 · Preserved spe… A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 25, by number of studies See more of this type

Flower visit

has its flowers visited by 24 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. Visiting a flower is not pollinating it. «Pollinates» is a different term and a different block, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Mexican Pitted-Stingless bee Nannotrigona perilampoides Apidae	has its flowers visited by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Vandame R, Mérida J, Sagot P, Madrigal González D, Bedolla García B Y, González-Vanegas P A, Cultid-Medina C A, Barrios J M (2023). Potential host plant records recovered from ECOAB wild bee collection, Mexico. Version 1.10. Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la bio… Published in globalbioticinteractions/ecoab-host-plant Context: Cajuil · March 2, 2010 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Cephalotrigona zexmeniae Apidae	has its flowers visited by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Vandame R, Mérida J, Sagot P, Madrigal González D, Bedolla García B Y, González-Vanegas P A, Cultid-Medina C A, Barrios J M (2023). Potential host plant records recovered from ECOAB wild bee collection, Mexico. Version 1.10. Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la bio… Published in globalbioticinteractions/ecoab-host-plant Context: Javier López Moreno · April 9, 2010 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Peracchi's Nectar Bat Lonchophylla peracchii	has its flowers visited by Refuted	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Cephalotrigona zexmeniae	has its flowers visited by Refuted	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 24, by number of studies See more of this type

is adjacent to 8 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Gloeosporium musarum Drepanopezizaceae	is adjacent to	7	not compared
7 sources · 7 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2738549 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Syracuse · July 1, 1894 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3721473 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Syracuse. · July 1, 1894 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3721475 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Boston, Market. · no date published · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3598678 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Syracuse · July 1, 1894 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3773284 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Syracuse · July 1, 1894 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4020642 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Syracuse · July 1, 1894 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4632711 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Syracuse · July 1, 1894 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Banana Aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa Aphididae	is adjacent to	4	no location
4 sources · 4 records https://ecdysis.org/collections/individual/index.php?occid=5974229 Published in globalbioticinteractions/ecdysis Context: Rarotonga Island, Arorangi · Oct. 14, 1975 · Preserved specimen https://ecdysis.org/collections/individual/index.php?occid=5974234 Published in globalbioticinteractions/ecdysis Context: Rarotonga Island, Arorangi · Oct. 14, 1975 · Preserved specimen https://ecdysis.org/collections/individual/index.php?occid=5974251 Published in globalbioticinteractions/ecdysis Context: Nomuka Island · Aug. 13, 1975 · Preserved specimen https://ecdysis.org/collections/individual/index.php?occid=5974260 Published in globalbioticinteractions/ecdysis Context: Nomuka Island · Aug. 13, 1975 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Gloeosporium musarum Drepanopezizaceae	is adjacent to	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4944093 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · July 1, 1894 · Exsiccati https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3531273 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Market, Boston, Mass. · Jan. 1, 1905 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Mycosphaerella fijiensis	is adjacent to	1	no location
1 source · 1 record https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3656609 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · June 6, 1964 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 8, by number of studies See more of this type

has as a vector 5 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Jamaica Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus jamaicensis Phyllostomidae	has as a vector	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records Ruschi, A. 1953d. Morcêgos do estado do Espírito Santo. XVIII. Família Phyllostomidae. Descrição das espécies Artibeus jamaicensis lituratus e Vampyrops lineatus, com algumas observações. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, Series Zoologia 20: 1-8. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Espírito Santo-Forest · no date published Silva-Taboada, G. 1979. Los murciélagos de Cuba. pp. 1-423. Editorial Academia, Havana, Cuba. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Cuba · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Little Big-Eared Bat Micronycteris megalotis Phyllostomidae	has as a vector	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Ruschi, A. 1953a. Morcegos do estado do Espírito Santo XII. Família Phyllostomidae: Descrição das espécies: Micronycteris megalotis megalotus e Phyllostomus hastatus hastatus, com algumas observações biológicas a respeito. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, Series Zoolog… Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Espírito Santo-Forest · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pallas's Long-Tongued Bat Glossophaga soricina Phyllostomidae	has as a vector	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Ruschi, A. 1953. Morcêgos do estado do Espírito Santo. XV. Família Phyllostomidae - Descrição das espécies: Glossophaga soricina soricina e Anoura geoffroyi, com observações biológicas a respeito. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, Series Zoologia 16: 1-2. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Espírito Santo-Forest · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Greater Spear-Nosed Bat Phyllostomus hastatus Phyllostomidae	has as a vector	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Ruschi, A. 1953a. Morcegos do estado do Espírito Santo XII. Família Phyllostomidae: Descrição das espécies: Micronycteris megalotis megalotus e Phyllostomus hastatus hastatus, com algumas observações biológicas a respeito. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, Series Zoolog… Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Espírito Santo-Forest · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 5, by number of studies See more of this type

is visited by 4 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Greater Spear-Nosed Bat Phyllostomus hastatus Phyllostomidae	is visited by	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Wilson, D. E., C. F. Ascorra & S. Solari-T. 1996. Bats as indicators of habitat disturbance. In: Manu. The biodiversity of southeastern Peru (D. E. Wilson & A. Sandoval, eds.). pp. 613-625. Editorial Horizonte, Lima, Peru. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Peru-Forest · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Leschenault’s Rousette Rousettus leschenaultii Pteropodidae	is visited by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Sudhakaran, M. R. & P. S. Doss. 2012. Food and foraging preferences of three pteropodid bats in southern India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4 (1): 2295-2303. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Tamil Nadu · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Tailed Tailless Bat Anoura caudifer Phyllostomidae	is visited by	1	no location
1 source · 1 record von Helversen, O. 1993. Adaptations of flowers to the pollination by glossophagine bats. In: Animal-plant interactions in tropical environments (W. Barthlott, et al, eds.). pp. 41-59. Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Unspecified · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Greater Shortnosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus sphinx Pteropodidae	is visited by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Sudhakaran, M. R. & P. S. Doss. 2012. Food and foraging preferences of three pteropodid bats in southern India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4 (1): 2295-2303. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Tamil Nadu · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 4, by number of studies

is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of 3 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Archaeospora schenckii Archaeosporaceae	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record S. Pehim Limbu, S.L. Stürmer, G. Zahn, C.A. Aguilar-Trigueros, N. Rogers, & V.B. Chaudhary, Climate-linked biogeography of mycorrhizal fungal spore traits, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 122 (29) e2505059122, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2505059122 (2025). Accessed at <https://gi… Published in globalbioticinteractions/limbu2025 Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Acaulospora colombiana Acaulosporaceae	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	1	not compared
1 source · 3 records S. Pehim Limbu, S.L. Stürmer, G. Zahn, C.A. Aguilar-Trigueros, N. Rogers, & V.B. Chaudhary, Climate-linked biogeography of mycorrhizal fungal spore traits, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 122 (29) e2505059122, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2505059122 (2025). Accessed at <https://gi… Published in globalbioticinteractions/limbu2025 Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Glomus brohultii Glomeraceae	is an arbuscular mycorrhizal host of	1	not compared
1 source · 3 records S. Pehim Limbu, S.L. Stürmer, G. Zahn, C.A. Aguilar-Trigueros, N. Rogers, & V.B. Chaudhary, Climate-linked biogeography of mycorrhizal fungal spore traits, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 122 (29) e2505059122, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2505059122 (2025). Accessed at <https://gi… Published in globalbioticinteractions/limbu2025 Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 3 of 3, by number of studies

Pollination

is pollinated by 2 organisms

This term declares that the organism benefits this species. «Visits the flowers of» is a different term and a different block: a visitor is not a pollinator, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Pemba Flying Fox Pteropus voeltzkowi Pteropodidae	is pollinated by	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Entwistle, A. and others, 1997. The diet of Pteropus voeltzkowi; an endangered fruit bat endemic to Pemba Island; Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology, 35(4), pp.351-360. Published in globalbioticinteractions/AfricaTreeDatabase Context: no place published · no date published · interview with locals A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Peracchi's Nectar Bat Lonchophylla peracchii Phyllostomidae	is pollinated by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Iamara-Nogueira, J., Targhetta, N., Allain, G., Gambarini, A., Pinto, A. R., Rui, A. M., Araújo, A. C., Lopes, A., Pereira-Silva, B., de Camargo, B. B., Machado, C. G., Missagia, C., Scultori, C., Boscolo, D., Fischer, E., Araújo-Oliveira, E. S., Gava, H., Paulino-Neto, H. F., M… Published in globalbioticinteractions/ATLANTIC_POLLINATION Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 2 of 2, by number of studies

Interaction data from Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI), GloBI 0.11. Each row keeps the citation its own study published.

Interactions are published at species level: they are not resolved by variety or race.

Each block is headed by the source's own term, read from this species' end — not by a category of ours. Two similar terms are not merged.

«Documented here» means the interaction was observed in this territory. It is not evidence that the species is here, and it does not enter the niche model.

Acompañantes documentados

This agronomic reading comes from a source reserved for internal use, so it is not shown here.

Documented uses and recommendations

Uses and recommendations that a source documents for this species beside a crop, each in its own context. They are the source's statements, not traits of the species and not Biolítica's recommendations, and none of them is a relation between two species.

Among the sources you can read, none documents a use or recommendation of this species beside a crop.