Marrow (Cucurbita pepo)

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Identidad taxonómica

Scientific name: Cucurbita pepo L.
Canonical name: The scientific name without its authorship or date, for example Zea mays instead of Zea mays L.: Cucurbita pepo
Authorship: The author or authors credited with publishing the scientific name. It is written after the name, sometimes with the year, for example L. (Linnaeus) in Zea mays L. An author in parentheses first published the name in another genus or rank.: L.
Common names: Marrow, field pumpkin, Pumpkin, Acorn squash, American Pumpkin and Summer Squashes, American pumpkin, Bitter bottle gourd, Brazilian Pumpkin, Bush squash, Courgette, Kamokamo, Kumikumi, Ribbed Pumpkin, Scallopini, Summer Squash, cocozelle, jack-o-lantern pumpkin, ornamental gourd, squash, vegetable marrow, zucchini
Names in other languages (98)
Abobrinha, Abobrinha-ornamental, Abóbora, Abóbora-de-coco, Abóbora-estrela, Abóbora-ovo, Abóbora-teta-de-égua, Ahuyamín, Bundeva, Calabaza, Calabaza de Castilla, Citrouille iroquoise, Courge, Courge pépon, Courge pépon, Courge, Citrouille iroquoise, Courgette, Pâtisson, Courge pépon, Giraumon, Citrouille du pays, Patisson, Cucuzziello, Dynia zwyczajna, Feld-Kürbis, Garten-Kürbis, Zucchini, Gartenkürbis, Gartenkürbis (DE), Gemüse-Kürbis, Gewoehnlicher Kuerbis, Gewöhnlicher Kürbis, Giraumon, Jerimum, Kürbis, Mandel-græskar, Maro, Maros, Marrow (EN), Missa'bîgon, Mogango, Murgpampoentjie, Paprastasis agurotis, Patisson, Poronguinho, Potiron, Pwmpen, Sakız Kabağı, Sierpompoen, Termesztett tök, Zapallo angola, Zucca, Zucca e Zucchina, Zucchina, Zucchino, Zuchette, Zuchetti, aboboreira--comum, aboboreira-porqueira, abóbora-cabotiá, calabacín, calam, cayixam, citrouille, courge pepon, cukinia, cus, dynia makaronowa, ghia kaddu, graskar, gresskar, harilik kõrvits, ka, kabaczek, kolokythia, kurpitsa, közönséges tök, patison, pompoen, potini, po’otini, pautini, mautini, prydnadspumpa, pumpa, satokurpitsa, tekvica obyčajná, tykev obecná, xi hu lu, xusi-te, Гарбуз звичайний, Диня, Кабак, Кабаки, Кабачки, Кабачок, Патисон, Патісони, Тиква, Тыква обыкновенная, דלעת הקישוא, קישוא, قرع الكوسة, ฟักทองอเมริกัน, ウリカボチャ, 美國南瓜, 西葫芦, 율호박
Kingdom: One of the broadest ranks of biological classification. It groups organisms that share very basic features, for example plants (Plantae), animals (Animalia) or fungi (Fungi).: Plantae
Phylum: Rank below kingdom that groups organisms with a shared general body plan, for example chordates (Chordata), arthropods (Arthropoda) or vascular plants (Tracheophyta). In botany the same rank is also called division.: Tracheophyta
Class: Rank below phylum, for example mammals (Mammalia), birds (Aves), insects (Insecta) or monocot plants such as grasses and orchids (Liliopsida).: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rank below class that groups related families, for example grasses and their relatives (Poales) or bats (Chiroptera).: Cucurbitales
Family: Rank below order that groups related genera. Family names usually end in -aceae in botany (for example Poaceae, the grass family) and in -idae in zoology (for example Felidae, the cat family).: Cucurbitaceae
Genus: Rank that groups closely related species. Its name is the first word of a species' scientific name and starts with a capital letter, for example Zea in Zea mays.: Cucurbita
Specific epithet: The second word of a species' scientific name. On its own it does not name the species: it always goes with the genus, for example mays in Zea mays.: pepo
Taxonomic rank: The level a name occupies in the hierarchy of biological classification, such as kingdom, family, genus, species or subspecies.: species
Reference species: Cucurbita pepo
Taxonomic status: Whether the taxonomic catalogue the record comes from currently accepts this name for the organism, or treats it as a synonym of another accepted name or as doubtful.: accepted name

Photos and conservation status

IUCN Red List category: The extinction-risk category that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assigns to a species on its Red List. EX Extinct: there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild: it survives only in cultivation, in captivity or as a population far outside its past range. CR Critically endangered, EN Endangered and VU Vulnerable: the three threatened categories, from an extremely high to a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened: close to qualifying as threatened. LC Least concern: evaluated and not threatened. DD Data deficient: there is not enough information to assess its risk. NE Not evaluated: not yet assessed against the criteria. It describes the risk of the species worldwide, not its situation in a project's area.: Not available.

No photos have been requested for this species yet.

Interacciones documentadas

GloBI says it is documented somewhere in the world. Biolitica answers whether it could happen here.

A documented interaction means it was recorded somewhere in the world. It does not mean it occurs here.

Types shown: 12 of 12 is a host of × has its flowers visited by × interacts with (this species is the record's destination) × is eaten by × is pollinated by × is visited by × is a mutualist of × interacts with (this species is the record's origin) × has as a parasite × is adjacent to × has as a pathogen × co-occurs ecologically with ×

Blocks that do not sit under a navigation concept heading keep the source's own term: no navigation concept has been assigned to them yet.

is a host of 230 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. In the source ontology symbiosis covers mutualism, commensalism and parasitism alike, so this block holds attackers and allies side by side.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus Potyviridae	is a host of	99	no location
99 sources · 99 records http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/62633085 Published in millerse/Wardeh-et-al.-2015 Context: no place published · no date published http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/73621258 Published in millerse/Wardeh-et-al.-2015 Context: no place published · no date published http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/74231599 Published in millerse/Wardeh-et-al.-2015 Context: no place published · no date published http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/74231601 Published in millerse/Wardeh-et-al.-2015 Context: no place published · no date published http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/74231603 Published in millerse/Wardeh-et-al.-2015 Context: no place published · no date published http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/74231605 Published in millerse/Wardeh-et-al.-2015 Context: no place published · no date published http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/74231607 Published in millerse/Wardeh-et-al.-2015 Context: no place published · no date published http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/74231611 Published in millerse/Wardeh-et-al.-2015 Context: no place published · no date published And 91 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Erysiphe cichoracearum	is a host of	45	not compared
45 sources · 47 records Shaw, C.G.. 1973. Host fungus index for the Pacific Northwest - I. Hosts. Washington State Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 765:1-121 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): United States · no date published; United States · no date published Stevenson, J.A.. 1975. Fungi of Puerto Rico and the American Virgin Islands. Contr. Reed Herb. 23:743 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): Puerto Rico · no date published; Virgin Islands · no date published https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1373312 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Miguelete, Montevideo · March 1, 1936 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1373313 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Miguelete, Montevideo · March 1, 1936 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1373314 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Invenuadero Chapingo · April 30, 1953 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1373315 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Clarkston Heights · Oct. 2, 1924 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1373316 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: San Andres, El Salvador · July 28, 1943 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1373317 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Houston, Kent Co. · Sept. 13, 1923 · Preserved specimen And 37 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Cucurbit Downy Mildew Pseudoperonospora cubensis Peronosporaceae	is a host of	44	not compared
44 sources · 56 records Farr, David F.; Rossman, Amy Y.; Castlebury, Lisa A. (2021). United States National Fungus Collections Fungus-Host Dataset. Ag Data Commons. https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1524414. Accessed at <https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host/archive/47a3882c0c536… Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): Romania · no date published; New Zealand · no date published Thomas, A., Carbone, I., Cohen, Y., and Ojiambo, P.S.. 2017. Occurence and ditribution of mating types of %Pseudoperonospora cubensis% in the United States. Phytopathology 107(3):313-321 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): United States · no date published; United States · no date published Anonymous. 1960. Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 165:1-531 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): United States · no date published; United States · no date published Stevenson, J.A.. 1975. Fungi of Puerto Rico and the American Virgin Islands. Contr. Reed Herb. 23:743 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): Virgin Islands · no date published; Puerto Rico · no date published Dingley, J.M., Fullerton, R.A., and McKenzie, E.H.C.. 1981. Survey of Agricultural Pests and Diseases. Technical Report Volume 2. Records of Fungi, Bacteria, Algae, and Angiosperms Pathogenic on Plants in Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Western Samoa. F.A.… Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): Tonga · no date published; Fiji · no date published https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1743794 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Sapporo · Sept. 15, 1890 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1743795 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: La Sardinera, Mona Island · March 5, 1944 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1743796 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Ithaca University Farm · Jan. 1, 1914 · Preserved specimen And 36 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Septoria cucurbitacearum Mycosphaerellaceae	is a host of	43	not compared
43 sources · 44 records Priest, M.J.. 2006. Fungi of Australia. %Septoria%. ABRS, Canberra; CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne :259 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): Australia · no date published; Italy · no date published https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11788313 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Riga · Sept. 6, 1933 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11788314 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Mt. Albert · June 16, 1958 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11788315 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: [indecipherable] Feld bei Walthersdorf · Sept. 4, 1893 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11544671 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Venetia, Selva, Treviso · Sept. 1, 1874 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11546246 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Bucovina, Suceava District, Darmanesti · July 12, 1931 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1244226 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Prencov, Hontianske-Nemce · July 19, 1897 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1244227 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Saxony, near Koenigstein Fields · July 21, 1891 · Preserved specimen And 35 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 230, by number of studies See more of this type

Flower visit

has its flowers visited by 125 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. Visiting a flower is not pollinating it. «Pollinates» is a different term and a different block, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Pruinose Squash Bee Peponapis pruinosa Apidae	has its flowers visited by	65	not compared
65 sources · 66 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/7028744 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · July 9, 2017 · Human observation; no place published · July 9, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/298159362 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 15, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/298766506 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 17, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/298849972 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 9, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201071978 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 23, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/301172125 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 26, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/301386439 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 26, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/301522861 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 27, 2025 · Human observation And 57 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Common Eastern Bumble Bee Bombus impatiens Apidae	has its flowers visited by	18	not compared
18 sources · 25 records https://www.bumblebeewatch.org/metadata/ Published in globalbioticinteractions/gbif-us-bees Record contexts (sample): no place published · July 5, 2024 · Human observation; no place published · Aug. 25, 2020 · Human observation Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson. Published in millerse/Flowers-and-insects-lists-of-visitors-to-four-hundred-and-fifty-three-flowers Context: southwestern Illinois, USA · no date published https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/378121 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 24, 2013 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/302585752 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 31, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/305651474 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 11, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/306231493 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 14, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/310231199 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 30, 2025 · Human observation And 10 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	has its flowers visited by	17	not compared
17 sources · 22 records Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published Ollerton, J., Trunschke, J. ., Havens, K. ., Landaverde-González, P. ., Keller, A. ., Gilpin, A.-M. ., Rodrigo Rech, A. ., Baronio, G. J. ., Phillips, B. J., Mackin, C. ., Stanley, D. A., Treanore, E. ., Baker, E. ., Rotheray, E. L., Erickson, E. ., Fornoff, F. ., Brearley, F. Q… Published in globalbioticinteractions/ollerton2022 Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson. Published in millerse/Flowers-and-insects-lists-of-visitors-to-four-hundred-and-fifty-three-flowers Context: southwestern Illinois, USA · no date published https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/301172077 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 26, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/301522913 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 27, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4218564 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 4, 2016 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/8046843 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 22, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/125200666 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 7, 2022 · Human observation And 9 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Two-spotted Long-horned Bee Melissodes bimaculatus Apidae	has its flowers visited by	7	not compared
7 sources · 7 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/297571410 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 12, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/301335450 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 26, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/305510490 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 11, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/30266227 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 30, 2019 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/53195467 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 15, 2020 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/175561184 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 29, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/176177388 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 1, 2023 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 125, by number of studies See more of this type

interacts with 80 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Common Eastern Bumble Bee Bombus impatiens Apidae	interacts with	107	not compared
107 sources · 114 records Digital Bee Collections Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2016-03-08. National Science Foundation grant DBI 0956388 Published in globalbioticinteractions/arthropodEasyCaptureAMNH Record contexts (sample): Block Island, Beacon Hill · Aug. 14, 2010 · Preserved specimen; Block Island, Beacon Hill · Aug. 14, 2010 · LabelObservation A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. Accessed at <https://github.com/EOL/pseudonitzchia/archive/e5838965a186fba4b7215cd0d179c4526773bad5.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in EOL/pseudonitzchia Context: no place published · no date published https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974679 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Warren · Aug. 10, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974685 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Warren · Oct. 5, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974686 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Warren · Oct. 5, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974691 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Warren · Aug. 23, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974693 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Warren · Aug. 23, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974694 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Warren · Aug. 23, 2023 · Preserved specimen And 99 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pruinose Squash Bee Peponapis pruinosa Apidae	interacts with	75	not compared
75 sources · 75 records https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974658 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Montrose · Aug. 15, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974660 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Montrose · Aug. 3, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974662 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Pittsburgh · Aug. 18, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974669 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Pittsburgh · July 28, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974673 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Pittsburgh · Aug. 2, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974677 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Warren · Aug. 9, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974678 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Warren · Aug. 9, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974680 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Warren · Aug. 10, 2023 · Preserved specimen And 67 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pruinose Squash Bee Peponapis pruinosa Apidae	interacts with	52	not compared
52 sources · 64 records Digital Bee Collections Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2016-03-08. National Science Foundation grant DBI 0956388 Published in globalbioticinteractions/arthropodEasyCaptureAMNH Record contexts (sample): Block Island, Beacon Hill · Aug. 21, 2010 · Preserved specimen; Block Island, Beacon Hill · Aug. 21, 2010 · LabelObservation https://ecdysis.org/collections/individual/index.php?occid=6226152 Published in globalbioticinteractions/ecdysis Record contexts (sample): Gresczyk Farms, 45 Black Bridge Road · Aug. 6, 2015 · Preserved specimen; Gresczyk Farms, 45 Black Bridge Road · Aug. 6, 2015 · Preserved specimen https://ecdysis.org/collections/individual/index.php?occid=6226157 Published in globalbioticinteractions/ecdysis Record contexts (sample): Roden Farm, 43 Benton Road · Aug. 7, 2015 · Preserved specimen; Roden Farm, 43 Benton Road · Aug. 7, 2015 · Preserved specimen https://ecdysis.org/collections/individual/index.php?occid=6226193 Published in globalbioticinteractions/ecdysis Record contexts (sample): Medlyn Farm, 710 Leetes Island Road · Aug. 12, 2015 · Preserved specimen; Medlyn Farm, 710 Leetes Island Road · Aug. 12, 2015 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=43906954 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: 30 km east of Agua Prieta · Aug. 26, 2000 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=43906955 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: 30 km east of Agua Prieta · Aug. 26, 2000 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=43906961 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: 30 km east of Agua Prieta · Aug. 20, 2001 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=43906962 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: 30 km east of Agua Prieta · Aug. 20, 2001 · Preserved specimen And 44 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	interacts with	37	not compared
37 sources · 37 records A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. Accessed at <https://github.com/EOL/pseudonitzchia/archive/e5838965a186fba4b7215cd0d179c4526773bad5.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in EOL/pseudonitzchia Context: no place published · no date published https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974649 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Montrose · Aug. 9, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974659 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Montrose · Aug. 11, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974663 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Pittsburgh · Aug. 18, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974664 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Pittsburgh · Aug. 8, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65974674 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Pittsburgh · Aug. 2, 2023 · Preserved specimen https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/150484396 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 20, 2020 · Human observation https://ecdysis.org/collections/individual/index.php?occid=6468326 Published in globalbioticinteractions/ecdysis Context: Pittsburgh · Aug. 2, 2023 · Preserved specimen And 29 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 80, by number of studies See more of this type

is eaten by 77 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Pruinose Squash Bee Peponapis pruinosa Apidae	is eaten by	19	not compared
19 sources · 19 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/7013805 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 11, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/7028744 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 9, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/15392562 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 6, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/54304560 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 25, 2020 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/54996557 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 31, 2020 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/54996947 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 31, 2020 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/54996948 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 31, 2020 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/169936541 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 28, 2023 · Human observation And 11 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Melon aphid Aphis gossypii Aphididae	is eaten by	5	not compared
5 sources · 5 records Ceballos, M., Martínez. M., Duarte. L., Baños. H., Sánchez. A. (2009) Asociación áfidos-parasitoides en cultivos hortícolas. Revista de Protección Vegetal 24, 180-183 Published in globalbioticinteractions/delrisco2021 Context: Bogotá, Colombia · no date published Poelen, J. H. Global Biotic Interactions: Interpreted Data Products. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5708970 (2021). Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Global · Jan. 1, 2021 · Metaanalysis Ellis, W. N. (2022). Plant Parasites of Europe – leafminers, galls and fungi [Database]. https://bladmineerders.nl/ Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Europe · Jan. 1, 2022 Neff, F., Brändle, M., Ambarli, D., Ammer, C., Bauhus, J., Boch, S., Hölzel, N., Klaus, V. H., Kleinebecker, T., Prati, D., Schall, P., Schäfer, D., Schulze, E. D., Seibold, S., Simons, N. K., Weisser, W. W., Pellissier, L., & Gossner, M. M. (2021). Changes in plant-herbivore ne… Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Germany · Jan. 1, 2021 · Visual observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/277044726 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 24, 2025 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Silver Y Autographa gamma Noctuidae	is eaten by	5	no location
5 sources · 6 records Edward Baker; Ian Kitching; George W Beccaloni; Amoret Whitaker; Steen Dupont; Vincent Smith; John S Noyes (2017). NHM Interactions Bank. https://doi.org/10.5519/0060767. Accessed at <https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/82e807f0-6273-4f19-be0a-7f7558442a25/resource/f84ad9f1-bd0c-4811… Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published Poelen, J. H. Global Biotic Interactions: Interpreted Data Products. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5708970 (2021). Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Global · Jan. 1, 2021 · Metaanalysis Reji Chacko, M., Albouy, C., Altermatt, F., Brändle, M., Casanelles Abella, J., Boussange, V., Campell, F., Ellis, W. N., Fopp, F., Gossner, M. M., Ho., H., Joss, A., Kipf, P., Neff, F., Petrović, A., Prié, V., Tomanović, Ž., Zimmerli, N., Pellissier, L. (2024). trophiCH v1 - a … Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: no place published · no date published Ellis, W. N. (2022). Plant Parasites of Europe – leafminers, galls and fungi [Database]. https://bladmineerders.nl/ Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Europe · Jan. 1, 2022 Pearse, I. S., & Altermatt, F. (2013). Extinction cascades partially estimate herbivore losses in a complete Lepidoptera-plant food web. Ecology, 94(8), 1785–1794. https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1075.1 Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Switzerland; Germany · Jan. 1, 2013 · Visual observation and existing literature A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Potato Aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae Aphididae	is eaten by	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records Ellis, W. N. (2022). Plant Parasites of Europe – leafminers, galls and fungi [Database]. https://bladmineerders.nl/ Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Europe · Jan. 1, 2022 Neff, F., Brändle, M., Ambarli, D., Ammer, C., Bauhus, J., Boch, S., Hölzel, N., Klaus, V. H., Kleinebecker, T., Prati, D., Schall, P., Schäfer, D., Schulze, E. D., Seibold, S., Simons, N. K., Weisser, W. W., Pellissier, L., & Gossner, M. M. (2021). Changes in plant-herbivore ne… Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Germany · Jan. 1, 2021 · Visual observation Lampel, G., & Meier, W. (2003). Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha—Aphidina Teil 2. In Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha—Aphidina. Centre suisse de cartographie de la faune. Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Switzerland · Jan. 1, 2005 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/20714343 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 24, 2019 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 77, by number of studies See more of this type

Pollination

is pollinated by 57 organisms

This term declares that the organism benefits this species. «Visits the flowers of» is a different term and a different block: a visitor is not a pollinator, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	is pollinated by	3	not compared
3 sources · 27 records Jessica D. Petersen and Brian A. Nault Published in ibartomeus/CropPol Record contexts (sample): no place published · Jan. 1, 2011; no place published · Jan. 1, 2011 Lanuza et al. (2025), EuPPollNet: A European Database of Plant-Pollinator Networks. Global Ecol Biogeogr, 34: e70000. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70000. Accessed at <https://github.com/JoseBSL/EuPPollNet/archive/31716d21d5aad8c27c1d91dd0620149ef42e8836.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in JoseBSL/EuPPollNet Record contexts (sample): Winterthur · July 21, 2020 · Transect; Winterthur · July 21, 2020 · Transect Nepi, M., Pacini, E. (1993) Pollination, pollen viability and pistil receptivity in Cucurbita pepo. Annals of Botany 72, 527-536. Published in globalbioticinteractions/delrisco2021 Context: Bogotá, Colombia · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Nimble Squash Bee Xenoglossa strenua Apidae	is pollinated by	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson. Published in globalbioticinteractions/web-of-life Context: no place published · no date published National Database Plant Pollinators. Center for Plant Conservation at San Diego Zoo Global. Accessed via https://saveplants.org/national-collection/pollinator-search/ on 2020-06-05. Accessed at <https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/cpc-pollinators/archive/a64674001b3fce1c… Published in globalbioticinteractions/cpc-pollinators Context: no place published · no date published · Primary A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Masked Bees Hylaeus Colletidae	is pollinated by	2	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
2 sources · 2 records Reji Chacko, M., Albouy, C., Altermatt, F., Brändle, M., Casanelles Abella, J., Boussange, V., Campell, F., Ellis, W. N., Fopp, F., Gossner, M. M., Ho., H., Joss, A., Kipf, P., Neff, F., Petrović, A., Prié, V., Tomanović, Ž., Zimmerli, N., Pellissier, L. (2024). trophiCH v1 - a … Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: no place published · no date published Abella, J. C., Moretti, M., Pellissier, L., Keller, A., Müller, S., Samson, R., Pinho, P., Chiron, F., Laanisto, L., Tryjanowski, P., & Villalba, L. V. (2021). Larval food composition of four wild bee species in five European cities. EnviDat. http://dx.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.2… Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Europe · Jan. 1, 2022 · DNA metabarcoding A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Grote bandgroefbij Lasioglossum majus Halictidae	is pollinated by	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records Reji Chacko, M., Albouy, C., Altermatt, F., Brändle, M., Casanelles Abella, J., Boussange, V., Campell, F., Ellis, W. N., Fopp, F., Gossner, M. M., Ho., H., Joss, A., Kipf, P., Neff, F., Petrović, A., Prié, V., Tomanović, Ž., Zimmerli, N., Pellissier, L. (2024). trophiCH v1 - a … Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: no place published · no date published CSCF. (2017). Info fauna \| Data Server. info fauna Nationales Daten- und Informationszentrum der Schweizer Fauna. https://lepus.infofauna.ch/tab/ Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Switzerland · Jan. 1, 2017 · Metaanalysis A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 57, by number of studies See more of this type

is visited by 29 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Twenty-spotted Lady Beetle Psyllobora vigintimaculata Coccinellidae	is visited by	21	not compared
21 sources · 21 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/321819251 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 18, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/321819255 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 18, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/321819256 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 18, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/321819258 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 18, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/321819261 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 18, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/321819262 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 18, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/321819266 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 18, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/321819268 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 18, 2025 · Human observation And 13 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Striped Cucumber Beetle Acalymma vittatum Chrysomelidae	is visited by	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/5022432 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 17, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/123884903 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 28, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/177696284 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 8, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/89473206 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 1, 2021 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pruinose Squash Bee Peponapis pruinosa Apidae	is visited by	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/303117343 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 2, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/172863138 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 14, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/173778639 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 19, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/177524383 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 9, 2023 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	is visited by	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/334514315 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 5, 2026 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/150484396 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 20, 2020 · Human observation @article{klein_importance_2007, title = {Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops}, volume = {274}, url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rspb.2006.3721}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2006.3721}, abstract = {The extent of our reliance on a… Published in globalbioticinteractions/eupollinatorhub Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 29, by number of studies See more of this type

is a mutualist of 28 organisms

This term declares that the organism benefits this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Yellow-legged Bog Fly Parhelophilus divisus Syrphidae	is a mutualist of	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record @book{bhl43820, title = {Flowers and insects; lists of visitors of four hundred and fifty-three flowers, }, copyright = {Public domain. Published 1923-1963 with notice but no evidence of copyright renewal found in Stanford Copyright Renewal Database. Contact dcc@library.uiuc.… Published in globalbioticinteractions/mangal Context: no place published · July 1, 1899 · field observations A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Eastern Cuckoo Sweat Bee Sphecodes pimpinellae Halictidae	is a mutualist of	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record @book{bhl43820, title = {Flowers and insects; lists of visitors of four hundred and fifty-three flowers, }, copyright = {Public domain. Published 1923-1963 with notice but no evidence of copyright renewal found in Stanford Copyright Renewal Database. Contact dcc@library.uiuc.… Published in globalbioticinteractions/mangal Context: no place published · July 1, 1899 · field observations A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Galápagos carpenter bee Xylocopa darwini Apidae	is a mutualist of	1	not compared
1 source · 3 records elberling NA Published in globalbioticinteractions/mangal Record contexts (sample): no place published · Jan. 1, 1993 · search in the literature; no place published · Jan. 1, 1993 · search in the literature A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Cerceris rufinoda Crabronidae	is a mutualist of	1	not compared
1 source · 2 records @book{bhl43820, title = {Flowers and insects; lists of visitors of four hundred and fifty-three flowers, }, copyright = {Public domain. Published 1923-1963 with notice but no evidence of copyright renewal found in Stanford Copyright Renewal Database. Contact dcc@library.uiuc.… Published in globalbioticinteractions/mangal Record contexts (sample): no place published · July 1, 1899 · field observations; no place published · July 1, 1899 · field observations A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 28, by number of studies See more of this type

interacts with 23 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Marrow Cucurbita pepo Cucurbitaceae	interacts with	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=HIMS775-12 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Guelph, ON · April 8, 1934 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=HIMS776-12 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: O. A. C Garden, ON · March 8, 1925 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=HIMS932-12 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Puslinch, ON · Aug. 16, 1968 · Material sample A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. Accessed at <https://github.com/EOL/pseudonitzchia/archive/e5838965a186fba4b7215cd0d179c4526773bad5.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in EOL/pseudonitzchia Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
gurkfläck Cladosporium cucumerinum Cladosporiaceae	interacts with	1	no location
1 source · 1 record A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. Accessed at <https://github.com/EOL/pseudonitzchia/archive/e5838965a186fba4b7215cd0d179c4526773bad5.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in EOL/pseudonitzchia Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
no name	interacts with	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes no name for this organism.
1 source · 1 record A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. Accessed at <https://github.com/EOL/pseudonitzchia/archive/e5838965a186fba4b7215cd0d179c4526773bad5.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in EOL/pseudonitzchia Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Common Eastern Bumble Bee Bombus impatiens Apidae	interacts with	1	no location
1 source · 1 record A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. Accessed at <https://github.com/EOL/pseudonitzchia/archive/e5838965a186fba4b7215cd0d179c4526773bad5.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in EOL/pseudonitzchia Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 23, by number of studies See more of this type

has as a parasite 4 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Encyrtid parasitoid wasp Anagyrus kamali Encyrtidae	has as a parasite	1	no location
1 source · 1 record SerranLa2002 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Greenhouse Whitefly Parasitoid Wasp Encarsia formosa Aphelinidae	has as a parasite	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Fiume991 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
southern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita Meloidogynidae	has as a parasite	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Vichis-Martínez, K., Manzanilla-López, R.H., Powers, S.J., Montes-Belmont, R. (2013) Effect of the addition of crude plant extracts on the parasitism of Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia on Meloidogyne incognita. Nematropica 43, 254-260. Published in globalbioticinteractions/delrisco2021 Context: Bogotá, Colombia · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Encarsia Aphelinidae	has as a parasite	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
1 source · 1 record GreathBe981 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 4, by number of studies

is adjacent to 3 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Large Crane Flies Tipulidae Tipulidae	is adjacent to	2	not compared	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at family level.
2 sources · 2 records https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=47979716 Published in globalbioticinteractions/psuc-ento Context: Bloomsburg · Aug. 29, 2015 · Preserved specimen https://ecdysis.org/collections/individual/index.php?occid=5297902 Published in globalbioticinteractions/ecdysis Context: Bloomsburg · Aug. 29, 2015 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pruinose Squash Bee Peponapis pruinosa Apidae	is adjacent to	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=47979717 Published in globalbioticinteractions/psuc-ento Context: Berwick · Aug. 30, 2015 · Preserved specimen https://ecdysis.org/collections/individual/index.php?occid=5297903 Published in globalbioticinteractions/ecdysis Context: Berwick · Aug. 30, 2015 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Septoria cucurbitacearum Mycosphaerellaceae	is adjacent to	1	no location
1 source · 1 record https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4018077 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Tamsel · Sept. 10, 1909 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 3 of 3, by number of studies

has as a pathogen 3 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species. It is a narrow block, and it cannot be the only one that is read: the most frequent term in the catalogue is the one above, which declares no harm, so much of what a reader would call a pest arrives there instead.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Ampelomyces quisqualis Phaeosphaeriaceae	has as a pathogen	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/317609366 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 29, 2025 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
virus Viruses	has as a pathogen	1	not compared
1 source · 2 records Siang, W. N. Host Index to Non-fungous Diseases of Plants in China. Beltsville, Md.: Plant Disease Survey, Division of Mycology and Disease Survey, Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Administration, United States Department of Ag… Published in millerse/BHL-Interactions Record contexts (sample): Kiangsu · no date published; Sikang · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pseudomonas syringae Pseudomonadaceae	has as a pathogen	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Siang, W. N. Host Index to Non-fungous Diseases of Plants in China. Beltsville, Md.: Plant Disease Survey, Division of Mycology and Disease Survey, Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Administration, United States Department of Ag… Published in millerse/BHL-Interactions Context: Sikang · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 3 of 3, by number of studies

co-occurs ecologically with 2 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Pearly Underwing Peridroma saucia Noctuidae	co-occurs ecologically with	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Robinson, G.S., Ackery, P.R., Kitching, I.J., Beccaloni, G.W., Hernández, L.M. (2010) HOSTS-A database of the world's lepidopteran hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. Published in globalbioticinteractions/delrisco2021 Context: Bogotá, Colombia · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Dark Sword-grass Agrotis ipsilon Noctuidae	co-occurs ecologically with	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Robinson, G.S., Ackery, P.R., Kitching, I.J., Beccaloni, G.W., Hernández, L.M. (2010) HOSTS-A database of the world's lepidopteran hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. Published in globalbioticinteractions/delrisco2021 Context: Bogotá, Colombia · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 2 of 2, by number of studies

Interaction data from Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI), GloBI 0.11. Each row keeps the citation its own study published.

Interactions are published at species level: they are not resolved by variety or race.

Each block is headed by the source's own term, read from this species' end — not by a category of ours. Two similar terms are not merged.

«Documented here» means the interaction was observed in this territory. It is not evidence that the species is here, and it does not enter the niche model.

Acompañantes documentados

This agronomic reading comes from a source reserved for internal use, so it is not shown here.

Documented uses and recommendations

Uses and recommendations that a source documents for this species beside a crop, each in its own context. They are the source's statements, not traits of the species and not Biolítica's recommendations, and none of them is a relation between two species.

Among the sources you can read, none documents a use or recommendation of this species beside a crop.