three-leaved hop-tree (Ptelea trifoliata)

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Identidad taxonómica

Scientific name: Ptelea trifoliata L.
Canonical name: The scientific name without its authorship or date, for example Zea mays instead of Zea mays L.: Ptelea trifoliata
Authorship: The author or authors credited with publishing the scientific name. It is written after the name, sometimes with the year, for example L. (Linnaeus) in Zea mays L. An author in parentheses first published the name in another genus or rank.: L.
Common names: three-leaved hop-tree, Common Hop-tree, American Hop Tree, Common Hoptree, Wafer Ash, hoptree, shrub trefoil, stinking ash, stinking-ash, wafer-ash
Names in other languages (29)
Dreiblättriger Lederstrauch, Gewöhnliche Kleeulme, Hopboom, Kleeulme, Kløver-Læderkrone, Orme de Samarie, Palo zorrillo, Parczelina trójlistkowa, Ptelea, Ptéléa trifolié, Ptélée trifoliée, Orme de Samarie, Orme à trois feuilles, Ptélée à trois feuilles, Trilapė ptelija, harilik humalapuu, humalalaikkio, humlebusk, hármaslevelű alásfa, klöveralm, kolmiklehine humalapuu, krídlatec trojlistý, krídlatec trojlístkový, křídlatec trojlistý, ptéléa trifolié, В'язовик, Птелея трилиста, Птелея трёхлистная, ホップノキ, 榆橘, 鲍尔温榆橘, 齿叶榆橘
Kingdom: One of the broadest ranks of biological classification. It groups organisms that share very basic features, for example plants (Plantae), animals (Animalia) or fungi (Fungi).: Plantae
Phylum: Rank below kingdom that groups organisms with a shared general body plan, for example chordates (Chordata), arthropods (Arthropoda) or vascular plants (Tracheophyta). In botany the same rank is also called division.: Tracheophyta
Class: Rank below phylum, for example mammals (Mammalia), birds (Aves), insects (Insecta) or monocot plants such as grasses and orchids (Liliopsida).: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rank below class that groups related families, for example grasses and their relatives (Poales) or bats (Chiroptera).: Sapindales
Family: Rank below order that groups related genera. Family names usually end in -aceae in botany (for example Poaceae, the grass family) and in -idae in zoology (for example Felidae, the cat family).: Rutaceae
Genus: Rank that groups closely related species. Its name is the first word of a species' scientific name and starts with a capital letter, for example Zea in Zea mays.: Ptelea
Specific epithet: The second word of a species' scientific name. On its own it does not name the species: it always goes with the genus, for example mays in Zea mays.: trifoliata
Taxonomic rank: The level a name occupies in the hierarchy of biological classification, such as kingdom, family, genus, species or subspecies.: species
Reference species: Ptelea trifoliata
Taxonomic status: Whether the taxonomic catalogue the record comes from currently accepts this name for the organism, or treats it as a synonym of another accepted name or as doubtful.: accepted name

Photos and conservation status

IUCN Red List category: The extinction-risk category that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assigns to a species on its Red List. EX Extinct: there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild: it survives only in cultivation, in captivity or as a population far outside its past range. CR Critically endangered, EN Endangered and VU Vulnerable: the three threatened categories, from an extremely high to a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened: close to qualifying as threatened. LC Least concern: evaluated and not threatened. DD Data deficient: there is not enough information to assess its risk. NE Not evaluated: not yet assessed against the criteria. It describes the risk of the species worldwide, not its situation in a project's area.: Not available.

No photos have been requested for this species yet.

Interacciones documentadas

GloBI says it is documented somewhere in the world. Biolitica answers whether it could happen here.

A documented interaction means it was recorded somewhere in the world. It does not mean it occurs here.

Types shown: 10 of 10 interacts with (this species is the record's origin) × interacts with (this species is the record's destination) × has its flowers visited by × is a host of × is pollinated by × is a mutualist of × is eaten by × is visited by × is adjacent to × has as a parasite ×

Blocks that do not sit under a navigation concept heading keep the source's own term: no navigation concept has been assigned to them yet.

interacts with 100 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Common Hop-tree Ptelea trifoliata Rutaceae	interacts with	6	not compared
6 sources · 6 records http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=HIMS1781-12 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Rondeau Prov. Park, ON · Aug. 27, 1975 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=HIMS1983-12 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Point Pelee Prov. Park, ON · Sept. 23, 1969 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=HIMS2021-12 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Essex Co., ON · June 24, 2003 · Material sample A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. Accessed at <https://github.com/EOL/pseudonitzchia/archive/e5838965a186fba4b7215cd0d179c4526773bad5.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in EOL/pseudonitzchia Context: no place published · no date published https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/129629927 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 3, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/181269567 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 22, 2023 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
no name	interacts with	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes no name for this organism.
1 source · 1 record A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. Accessed at <https://github.com/EOL/pseudonitzchia/archive/e5838965a186fba4b7215cd0d179c4526773bad5.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in EOL/pseudonitzchia Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Bristle Sweat Bee Lasioglossum imitatum Halictidae	interacts with	1	no location
1 source · 1 record A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. Accessed at <https://github.com/EOL/pseudonitzchia/archive/e5838965a186fba4b7215cd0d179c4526773bad5.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in EOL/pseudonitzchia Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Goatsbeard Miner Bee Andrena spiraeana	interacts with	1	no location
1 source · 1 record A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. Accessed at <https://github.com/EOL/pseudonitzchia/archive/e5838965a186fba4b7215cd0d179c4526773bad5.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in EOL/pseudonitzchia Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 100, by number of studies See more of this type

interacts with 98 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Eastern Giant Swallowtail Papilio cresphontes Papilionidae	interacts with	39	not compared
39 sources · 39 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/197511763 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 24, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/308275787 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 20, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/311344276 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 3, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/7826676 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 7, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/220949280 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 6, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/314376993 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 16, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/314595003 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 17, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/316298347 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 22, 2025 · Human observation And 31 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Papilio glaucus Papilionidae	interacts with	29	not compared
29 sources · 29 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/3863678 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 5, 2016 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/15106665 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 3, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/15141854 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 3, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/15425061 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 13, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/25945302 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 6, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/25945416 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 8, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/25945499 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 13, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/27816349 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 28, 2019 · Human observation And 21 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Wafer Ash Leafminer Moth Fomoria pteliaeella Nepticulidae	interacts with	28	not compared
28 sources · 30 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230121484 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · July 18, 2024 · Human observation; no place published · July 18, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/32135965 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Sept. 4, 2019 · Human observation; no place published · Sept. 4, 2019 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/198680981 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 24, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/103334681 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 25, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/108140737 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 11, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/315583726 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 21, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/223676198 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 18, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/125229786 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 7, 2022 · Human observation And 20 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Eastern Giant Swallowtail Papilio cresphontes Papilionidae	interacts with	25	not compared
25 sources · 25 records A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. Accessed at <https://github.com/EOL/pseudonitzchia/archive/e5838965a186fba4b7215cd0d179c4526773bad5.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in EOL/pseudonitzchia Context: no place published · no date published https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=21149724 Published in globalbioticinteractions/msu-msuc Context: TRS: T8S R2E sec 31 · Sept. 18, 1981 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=21149761 Published in globalbioticinteractions/msu-msuc Context: TRS: T8S R2E sec 31 · Sept. 18, 1981 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=27709503 Published in globalbioticinteractions/msu-msuc Context: 2 mi. SE of Bath, jct. center & stoll roads · Sept. 28, 2006 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=37505402 Published in globalbioticinteractions/msu-msuc Context: Michigan State University campus, Entomology Farm, Collins Rd.; 42.730868 -84.478587 · Aug. 17, 2018 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=37867430 Published in globalbioticinteractions/msu-msuc Context: Rose Lake WRA, nr. Vermillion Creek, E of rifle range, T5N,R1W,S24 · Aug. 31, 2016 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=37867470 Published in globalbioticinteractions/msu-msuc Context: Michigan State University campus, Entomology Farm, Collins Rd.; 42.730868 -84.478587; 42.730868 -84.478587 · Aug. 17, 2018 · Preserved spec… https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=37867475 Published in globalbioticinteractions/msu-msuc Context: Michigan State University campus, Entomology Farm, Collins Rd.; 42.730868 -84.478587; 42.730868 -84.478587 · Aug. 20, 2016 · Preserved spec… And 17 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 98, by number of studies See more of this type

Flower visit

has its flowers visited by 71 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. Visiting a flower is not pollinating it. «Pollinates» is a different term and a different block, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Margined Leatherwing Chauliognathus marginatus Cantharidae	has its flowers visited by	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/369837312 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 8, 2026 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/369873702 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 8, 2026 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/371842994 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 13, 2026 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
American Snout Libytheana carinenta Nymphalidae	has its flowers visited by	2	not compared
2 sources · 3 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/25915637 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · May 27, 2019 · Human observation; no place published · May 27, 2019 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/26149790 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 31, 2019 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Myopa vesiculosa Conopidae	has its flowers visited by	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson. Published in millerse/Flowers-and-insects-lists-of-visitors-to-four-hundred-and-fifty-three-flowers Context: southwestern Illinois, USA · no date published Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Empis distans Empididae	has its flowers visited by	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson. Published in millerse/Flowers-and-insects-lists-of-visitors-to-four-hundred-and-fifty-three-flowers Context: southwestern Illinois, USA · no date published Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 71, by number of studies See more of this type

is a host of 52 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. In the source ontology symbiosis covers mutualism, commensalism and parasitism alike, so this block holds attackers and allies side by side.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Puccinia windsoriae Pucciniaceae	is a host of	122	not compared
122 sources · 124 records Anonymous. 1960. Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 165:1-531 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): United States · no date published; United States · no date published https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=14808231 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Potomac near Dyke · June 1, 1950 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11648095 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: St. Louis, Meremac River · June 24, 1923 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11648096 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Dayton · July 5, 1920 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=14698370 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: West Lafayette · June 28, 1916 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=14707214 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: West Lafayette · June 28, 1916 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=910201 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: West Lafayette · June 28, 1916 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=919609 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Potomac near Dyke · June 1, 1950 · Preserved specimen And 114 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Passalora pteleae Mycosphaerellaceae	is a host of	17	not compared
17 sources · 20 records Anonymous. 1960. Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 165:1-531 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): United States · no date published; United States · no date published https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1344035 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Needham · Nov. 1, 1890 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1344036 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Perryville · June 1, 1885 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1344037 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Jackson Park, Chicago · Oct. 1, 1932 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2894390 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · Nov. 1, 1890 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3974632 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · Nov. 1, 1890 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3974633 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · Nov. 1, 1890 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3688429 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Needham, Ind. [Indiana] · Nov. 1, 1890 · Preserved specimen And 9 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Septoria pteleae Mycosphaerellaceae	is a host of	15	not compared
15 sources · 16 records Anonymous. 1960. Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 165:1-531 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): United States · no date published; United States · no date published https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1249120 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Racine, Racine Co. · Oct. 5, 1890 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1249121 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Madison, Dane Co. · Aug. 19, 1945 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1249122 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Crawfordsville Dam · Sept. 18, 1894 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1249123 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Oregon · Sept. 21, 1887 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3800698 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · Oct. 5, 1890 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3800720 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Univ. of Wis. Arboretum, Madison, Wis. · Sept. 25, 1945 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3800721 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Univ. of Wis. Arboretum, Madison, Wis. · Aug. 19, 1945 · Preserved specimen And 7 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Aecidium pteleae	is a host of	12	not compared
12 sources · 12 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=14702488 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Perryville · June 1, 1885 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11235979 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Perryville · June 1, 1885 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11278363 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Near Perryville · June 1, 1884 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3083406 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · June 1, 1885 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2871326 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · June 1, 1885 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3664751 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · June 1, 1888 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4932293 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · June 1, 1885 · Exsiccati https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3042982 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Quincy, Ill. [Illinois] · June 22, 1883 · Preserved specimen And 4 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 52, by number of studies See more of this type

Pollination

is pollinated by 21 organisms

This term declares that the organism benefits this species. «Visits the flowers of» is a different term and a different block: a visitor is not a pollinator, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Hippelates plebejus Chloropidae	is pollinated by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson. Published in globalbioticinteractions/web-of-life Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Diptera	is pollinated by	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at order level.
1 source · 1 record National Database Plant Pollinators. Center for Plant Conservation at San Diego Zoo Global. Accessed via https://saveplants.org/national-collection/pollinator-search/ on 2020-06-05. Accessed at <https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/cpc-pollinators/archive/a64674001b3fce1c… Published in globalbioticinteractions/cpc-pollinators Context: no place published · no date published · Secondary A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Saxifrage Saxifraga Saxifragaceae	is pollinated by	1	not compared	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
1 source · 1 record Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson. Published in globalbioticinteractions/web-of-life Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
White-winged March Fly Bibio albipennis Bibionidae	is pollinated by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson. Published in globalbioticinteractions/web-of-life Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 21, by number of studies See more of this type

is a mutualist of 19 organisms

This term declares that the organism benefits this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Thistle Longhorn-Cuckoo Triepeolus donatus Apidae	is a mutualist of	1	not compared
1 source · 2 records @book{bhl43820, title = {Flowers and insects; lists of visitors of four hundred and fifty-three flowers, }, copyright = {Public domain. Published 1923-1963 with notice but no evidence of copyright renewal found in Stanford Copyright Renewal Database. Contact dcc@library.uiuc.… Published in globalbioticinteractions/mangal Record contexts (sample): no place published · July 1, 1899 · field observations; no place published · July 1, 1899 · field observations A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Little Ebony Bug Corimelaena pulicaria Thyreocoridae	is a mutualist of	1	not compared
1 source · 2 records @book{bhl43820, title = {Flowers and insects; lists of visitors of four hundred and fifty-three flowers, }, copyright = {Public domain. Published 1923-1963 with notice but no evidence of copyright renewal found in Stanford Copyright Renewal Database. Contact dcc@library.uiuc.… Published in globalbioticinteractions/mangal Record contexts (sample): no place published · July 1, 1899 · field observations; no place published · July 1, 1899 · field observations A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Noble Scoliid Wasp Scolia nobilitata Scoliidae	is a mutualist of	1	not compared
1 source · 2 records @book{bhl43820, title = {Flowers and insects; lists of visitors of four hundred and fifty-three flowers, }, copyright = {Public domain. Published 1923-1963 with notice but no evidence of copyright renewal found in Stanford Copyright Renewal Database. Contact dcc@library.uiuc.… Published in globalbioticinteractions/mangal Record contexts (sample): no place published · July 1, 1899 · field observations; no place published · July 1, 1899 · field observations A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Euschistus ictericus Pentatomidae	is a mutualist of	1	not compared
1 source · 3 records @book{bhl43820, title = {Flowers and insects; lists of visitors of four hundred and fifty-three flowers, }, copyright = {Public domain. Published 1923-1963 with notice but no evidence of copyright renewal found in Stanford Copyright Renewal Database. Contact dcc@library.uiuc.… Published in globalbioticinteractions/mangal Record contexts (sample): no place published · July 1, 1899 · field observations; no place published · July 1, 1899 · field observations A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 19, by number of studies See more of this type

is eaten by 14 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Margined Leatherwing Chauliognathus marginatus Cantharidae	is eaten by	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/369837312 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 8, 2026 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/369873702 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 8, 2026 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/371842994 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 13, 2026 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Eastern Giant Swallowtail Papilio cresphontes Papilionidae	is eaten by	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/85809 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 25, 2010 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/15443125 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 26, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/257739693 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 30, 2022 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Ailanthus Silkmoth Samia cynthia Saturniidae	is eaten by	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Edward Baker; Ian Kitching; George W Beccaloni; Amoret Whitaker; Steen Dupont; Vincent Smith; John S Noyes (2017). NHM Interactions Bank. https://doi.org/10.5519/0060767. Accessed at <https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/82e807f0-6273-4f19-be0a-7f7558442a25/resource/f84ad9f1-bd0c-4811… Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Common Eupithecia Moth Eupithecia miserulata Geometridae	is eaten by	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Edward Baker; Ian Kitching; George W Beccaloni; Amoret Whitaker; Steen Dupont; Vincent Smith; John S Noyes (2017). NHM Interactions Bank. https://doi.org/10.5519/0060767. Accessed at <https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/82e807f0-6273-4f19-be0a-7f7558442a25/resource/f84ad9f1-bd0c-4811… Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 14, by number of studies See more of this type

is visited by 11 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Eastern Giant Swallowtail Papilio cresphontes Papilionidae	is visited by	6	not compared
6 sources · 6 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/104660745 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 30, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/310746770 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 31, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/312892319 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 9, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/312892322 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 9, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/392996028 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 20, 2026 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/392996030 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 20, 2026 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Two-tailed Tiger swallowtail Papilio multicaudata Papilionidae	is visited by	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/209831108 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 26, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/18270341 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 8, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/18408254 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 14, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/22978132 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 23, 2019 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
two marked treehopper Enchenopa binotata Membracidae	is visited by	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1842796 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 4, 2015 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/317283982 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 28, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/122585500 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 19, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/69221885 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 30, 2014 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Papilio glaucus Papilionidae	is visited by	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/19764965 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 14, 2015 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/130808970 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 14, 2022 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 11, by number of studies See more of this type

is adjacent to 4 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Puccinia windsoriae Pucciniaceae	is adjacent to	6	not compared
6 sources · 6 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2914868 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Ben Hur Park · June 14, 1903 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3640467 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: West Lafayette; 40.42583 -86.90806 · June 28, 1916 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2116620 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Near the mouth of White River, Illinois · June 29, 1988 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2116621 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Warsaw · June 8, 1879 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4265841 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · June 28, 1916 · Exsiccati https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4820367 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · June 28, 1916 · Exsiccati A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Aecidium pteleae	is adjacent to	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2654099 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Quincy · June 23, 1883 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3664751 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · June 1, 1888 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4932293 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · June 1, 1885 · Exsiccati A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Passalora pteleae Mycosphaerellaceae	is adjacent to	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2639994 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Near Juda · Aug. 2, 1955 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2639990 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Needham · Nov. 1, 1890 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Septoria pteleae Mycosphaerellaceae	is adjacent to	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2249088 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Madison. · Aug. 19, 1945 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 4, by number of studies

has as a parasite 1 organism

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Parasitoid wasp Aphytis mytilaspidis Aphelinidae	has as a parasite	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records Gordh979 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published Peck963 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

Interaction data from Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI), GloBI 0.11. Each row keeps the citation its own study published.

Interactions are published at species level: they are not resolved by variety or race.

Each block is headed by the source's own term, read from this species' end — not by a category of ours. Two similar terms are not merged.

«Documented here» means the interaction was observed in this territory. It is not evidence that the species is here, and it does not enter the niche model.

Acompañantes documentados

This agronomic reading comes from a source reserved for internal use, so it is not shown here.

Documented uses and recommendations

Uses and recommendations that a source documents for this species beside a crop, each in its own context. They are the source's statements, not traits of the species and not Biolítica's recommendations, and none of them is a relation between two species.

Among the sources you can read, none documents a use or recommendation of this species beside a crop.