Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola)

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Identidad taxonómica

Scientific name: Averrhoa carambola L.
Canonical name: The scientific name without its authorship or date, for example Zea mays instead of Zea mays L.: Averrhoa carambola
Authorship: The author or authors credited with publishing the scientific name. It is written after the name, sometimes with the year, for example L. (Linnaeus) in Zea mays L. An author in parentheses first published the name in another genus or rank.: L.
Common names: Starfruit, Carambola, blimbing, caramba, five-corner
Names in other languages (46)
Asam sewa, Averrhoa carambole, Carambole, Carambolier, Averrhoa carambole, Carambolier, Balimbing, Belimbing, Belimbing besi, Bilembines, Carambold, Carambole, Caramboleira, Carambolier, Csillaggyümölcs, Faefkona, Five-Finger (Trinidad & Tobago), Karambole, Karambolinė averoja, Madiro Rirana, Oskomian pospolity, Star pickle (EN); Coolie Tambran, Sternfrucht, Sternfrucht (DE); Carambola, Stervrucht, Wajou Wachizoungou, Waju wamotsi, caramboleiro, carambolo, egrešovec obyčajný, fruta china, karambol, karambola, karambola obecná, kemim, khế, oderteboteb, tapanima, карамбола, קרמבולה, فاكهة النجمة, কামরাঙ্গা, කාමරංගා, කාඹරංකා, มะเฟือง, ស្ពឺ, ゴレンシ, スターフルーツ, 楊桃, 洋桃
Kingdom: One of the broadest ranks of biological classification. It groups organisms that share very basic features, for example plants (Plantae), animals (Animalia) or fungi (Fungi).: Plantae
Phylum: Rank below kingdom that groups organisms with a shared general body plan, for example chordates (Chordata), arthropods (Arthropoda) or vascular plants (Tracheophyta). In botany the same rank is also called division.: Tracheophyta
Class: Rank below phylum, for example mammals (Mammalia), birds (Aves), insects (Insecta) or monocot plants such as grasses and orchids (Liliopsida).: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rank below class that groups related families, for example grasses and their relatives (Poales) or bats (Chiroptera).: Oxalidales
Family: Rank below order that groups related genera. Family names usually end in -aceae in botany (for example Poaceae, the grass family) and in -idae in zoology (for example Felidae, the cat family).: Oxalidaceae
Genus: Rank that groups closely related species. Its name is the first word of a species' scientific name and starts with a capital letter, for example Zea in Zea mays.: Averrhoa
Specific epithet: The second word of a species' scientific name. On its own it does not name the species: it always goes with the genus, for example mays in Zea mays.: carambola
Taxonomic rank: The level a name occupies in the hierarchy of biological classification, such as kingdom, family, genus, species or subspecies.: species
Reference species: Averrhoa carambola
Taxonomic status: Whether the taxonomic catalogue the record comes from currently accepts this name for the organism, or treats it as a synonym of another accepted name or as doubtful.: accepted name

Photos and conservation status

IUCN Red List category: The extinction-risk category that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assigns to a species on its Red List. EX Extinct: there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild: it survives only in cultivation, in captivity or as a population far outside its past range. CR Critically endangered, EN Endangered and VU Vulnerable: the three threatened categories, from an extremely high to a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened: close to qualifying as threatened. LC Least concern: evaluated and not threatened. DD Data deficient: there is not enough information to assess its risk. NE Not evaluated: not yet assessed against the criteria. It describes the risk of the species worldwide, not its situation in a project's area.: Data deficient (DD)
Source: IUCN Red List via GBIF, queried on 2026-10-09 06:55.

Photo of Averrhoa carambola L. — Photo: 如此甚好 · CC BY 4.0 · View original image · Original observation

Research-grade iNaturalist observations via GBIF, CC0 or CC BY licences only, queried on 2026-10-09 06:55.

Interacciones documentadas

GloBI says it is documented somewhere in the world. Biolitica answers whether it could happen here.

A documented interaction means it was recorded somewhere in the world. It does not mean it occurs here.

Types shown: 7 of 7 is a host of × is eaten by × interacts with × is visited by × has its flowers visited by × has as a parasite × is pollinated by ×

Blocks that do not sit under a navigation concept heading keep the source's own term: no navigation concept has been assigned to them yet.

is a host of 77 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. In the source ontology symbiosis covers mutualism, commensalism and parasitism alike, so this block holds attackers and allies side by side.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Anthracnose Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Glomerellaceae	is a host of	13	no location
13 sources · 13 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1262308 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Intercepted San Francisco California #35648 · Sept. 1, 1962 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1262335 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Intercepted New York New York #69691 · March 12, 1937 · Preserved specimen http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/298353210 Published in millerse/Wardeh-et-al.-2015 Context: no place published · no date published http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/307158486 Published in millerse/Wardeh-et-al.-2015 Context: no place published · no date published http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/307158487 Published in millerse/Wardeh-et-al.-2015 Context: no place published · no date published http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/307158488 Published in millerse/Wardeh-et-al.-2015 Context: no place published · no date published http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/307158637 Published in millerse/Wardeh-et-al.-2015 Context: no place published · no date published http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/307158639 Published in millerse/Wardeh-et-al.-2015 Context: no place published · no date published And 5 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pseudocercospora wellesiana Mycosphaerellaceae	is a host of	10	no location
10 sources · 10 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=917761 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Guangdong, Guangzhou · Nov. 8, 1961 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=917762 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Guangdong, Guangzhou · Nov. 11, 1961 · Preserved specimen Alfieri Jr., S.A., Langdon, K.R., Wehlburg, C., and Kimbrough, J.W.. 1984. Index of Plant Diseases in Florida (Revised). Florida Dept. Agric. and Consumer Serv., Div. Plant Ind. Bull. 11:1-389 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: United States · no date published Chupp, C.. 1954. Monograph of the fungus genus %Cercospora%. Published by the Author, Ithaca, New York :667 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Philippines · no date published Zhuang, W.-Y., Ed.. 2001. Higher Fungi of Tropical China. Mycotaxon, Ltd., Ithaca, NY :485 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: China · no date published Kamal. 2010. Cercosporoid fungi of India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India :351 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: India · no date published Williams, T.H., and Liu, P.S.W.. 1976. A host list of plant diseases in Sabah, Malaysia.. Phytopathol. Pap. 19:1-67 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Malaysia · no date published Liu, X.-J., and Guo, Y.-l., Eds.. 1998. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. Vol. 9. %Pseudocercospora%. Science Press, Beijing :474 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: China · no date published And 2 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Cercospora averrhoae	is a host of	9	no location
9 sources · 10 records Pollack, F.G.. 1987. An annotated compilation of %Cercospora% names. Mycol. Mem. 12:1-212 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): Philippines · no date published; Sri Lanka · no date published Tai, F.L.. 1979. Sylloge Fungorum Sinicorum. Sci. Press, Acad. Sin., Peking :1527 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: China · no date published Teodoro, N.G.. 1937. An Enumeration of Philippine Fungi. Techn. Bull. Dept. Agric. Comm. Manila 4:1-585 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Philippines · no date published Zhuang, W.-Y., Ed.. 2001. Higher Fungi of Tropical China. Mycotaxon, Ltd., Ithaca, NY :485 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Hong Kong · no date published Kamal. 2010. Cercosporoid fungi of India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India :351 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: India · no date published Lu, B., Hyde, K.D., Ho, W.H., Tsui, K.M., Taylor, J.E., Wong, K.M., Yanna, and Zhou, D.. 2000. Checklist of Hong Kong Fungi. Fungal Diversity Press, Hong Kong :207 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Hong Kong · no date published Riley, E.A.. 1960. A revised list of plant diseases in Tanganyika Territory. Mycol. Pap. 75:1-42 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Tanzania · no date published Hyde, K.D., and Alcorn, J.L.. 1993. Some disease-associated microorganisms on plants of Cape York Peninsula and Torres Strait Islands. Australas. Pl. Pathol. 22:73-83 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Australia · no date published And 1 more source, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Asterina venustula Asterinaceae	is a host of	5	no location
5 sources · 5 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3153895 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Tarat Agr. Stn, Ist. Division, Sarawak · Feb. 27, 1962 · Preserved specimen Peregrine, W.T.H., and Ahmad, K.B.. 1982. Brunei: A first annotated list of plant diseases and associated organisms.. Phytopathol. Pap. 27:1-87 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Brunei Darussalam · no date published Williams, T.H., and Liu, P.S.W.. 1976. A host list of plant diseases in Sabah, Malaysia.. Phytopathol. Pap. 19:1-67 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Malaysia · no date published Turner, G.J.. 1971. Fungi and Plant Disease in Sarawak. Phytopathol. Pap. 13:1-55 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Malaysia · no date published Thaung, M.M.. 2006. Biodiversity of phylloplane ascomycetes in Burma. Australas. Mycol. 24:5-23 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Myanmar · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 77, by number of studies See more of this type

is eaten by 33 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Honey Bee Apis cerana Apidae	is eaten by	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/156550806 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 25, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/52697575 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 27, 2020 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis Cercopithecidae	is eaten by	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Lucas and Corlett. 1991. Relationship between the Diet of Macaca fascicularis and Forest Phenology. Folia Primatologica. 57:201-215. Published in fgabriel1891/Plant-Frugivore-Interactions-SouthEastAsia Context: Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Mango leafhopper Idioscopus clypealis Cicadellidae	is eaten by	1	no location
1 source · 1 record @article{113696, author = {Gnaneswaran, Raji and Hemachandra, K.S. and Viraktamath, Chandrashekharaswamy A. and Ahangama, D. and Wijayagunasekara, H.N.P. and Wahundeniya, I.}, journal = {Tropical Agricultural Research}, pages = {78-90}, title = {Idioscopus nagpurensis (P… Published in globalbioticinteractions/taxonworks Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
African Big-headed Ant Pheidole megacephala Formicidae	is eaten by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/105241498 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 18, 2022 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 33, by number of studies See more of this type

interacts with 25 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Starfruit Plume Moth Diacrotricha fasciola Pterophoridae	interacts with	3	not compared
3 sources · 4 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/193165912 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Dec. 5, 2023 · Human observation; no place published · Dec. 5, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/193094076 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 4, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/193165913 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 5, 2023 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Honey Bee Apis cerana Apidae	interacts with	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/226629219 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 2, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/189622973 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 1, 2023 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Scale insect Morganella longispina Diaspididae	interacts with	1	not compared
1 source · 4 records Tri-Trophic Thematic Collection Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2016-03-08. http://tcn.amnh.org/. National Science Foundation grant(s) EF#1115081, EF#1115103, EF#1115080, EF#1115144, EF#1115191, EF#1115104, EF#1115115 Published in globalbioticinteractions/arthropodEasyCaptureAMNH Record contexts (sample): Homestead · no date published · Preserved specimen; Homestead · no date published · LabelObservation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Axiagastus votypkai	interacts with	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/198361475 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 3, 2024 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 25, by number of studies See more of this type

is visited by 9 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Megachile laticeps Megachilidae	is visited by	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/296510941 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 8, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/298412432 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 16, 2025 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Honey Bee Apis cerana Apidae	is visited by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/107238490 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 22, 2022 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Common Fruit-piercing Moth Eudocima phalonia Erebidae	is visited by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/212900973 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 2, 2024 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Megachile disjuncta Megachilidae	is visited by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/296510943 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 8, 2025 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 9, by number of studies See more of this type

Flower visit

has its flowers visited by 8 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. Visiting a flower is not pollinating it. «Pollinates» is a different term and a different block, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	has its flowers visited by	3	not compared
3 sources · 15 records Cyrille, N., Lelièvre, Y., Dumbardon-Martial, E. et al. Wild insect flower visitor assemblages and resource use in tropical gardens: driven by floral offer, modulated by honeybees. Biodivers Conserv 35, 213 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-026-03395-9. Accessed at <https:/… Published in globalbioticinteractions/cyrille2026 Record contexts (sample): Martinique · 0023-06-09T00:00:00Z; Martinique · 0023-06-09T00:00:00Z https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/153432772 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 4, 2023 · Human observation Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Common Notch-toothed-Stingless Bee Heterotrigona itama Apidae	has its flowers visited by	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records Dworschak, K.A.I. and Bluethgen, N., 2010. Networks and dominance hierarchies: does interspecific aggression explain flower partitioning among stingless bees?. Ecological Entomology, 35(2), pp.216-225. Published in millerse/Pollination-Collection Context: Danum Valley Field Centre in Sabah, Borneo (Malaysia) · March 1, 2005 Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Marietta karakalensis	has its flowers visited by Refuted	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
White-cheeked Carpenter Xylocopa aestuans Apidae	has its flowers visited by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/257102097 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 9, 2024 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 8, by number of studies See more of this type

has as a parasite 2 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Eunotus Eunotidae	has as a parasite	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
1 source · 1 record Ibrahi994 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Tachinaephagus Encyrtidae	has as a parasite	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
1 source · 1 record Ghesqu960b via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 2 of 2, by number of studies

Pollination

is pollinated by 1 organism

This term declares that the organism benefits this species. «Visits the flowers of» is a different term and a different block: a visitor is not a pollinator, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	is pollinated by	1	no location
1 source · 1 record African Pollinators Initiative. (2007). Crops, browse and pollinators in Africa: an initial stock-taking. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Published in globalbioticinteractions/kalro2023 Context: Africa · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

Interaction data from Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI), GloBI 0.11. Each row keeps the citation its own study published.

Interactions are published at species level: they are not resolved by variety or race.

Each block is headed by the source's own term, read from this species' end — not by a category of ours. Two similar terms are not merged.

«Documented here» means the interaction was observed in this territory. It is not evidence that the species is here, and it does not enter the niche model.

Acompañantes documentados

This agronomic reading comes from a source reserved for internal use, so it is not shown here.

Documented uses and recommendations

Uses and recommendations that a source documents for this species beside a crop, each in its own context. They are the source's statements, not traits of the species and not Biolítica's recommendations, and none of them is a relation between two species.

Among the sources you can read, none documents a use or recommendation of this species beside a crop.