Noni (Morinda citrifolia)

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Identidad taxonómica

Scientific name: Morinda citrifolia L.
Canonical name: The scientific name without its authorship or date, for example Zea mays instead of Zea mays L.: Morinda citrifolia
Authorship: The author or authors credited with publishing the scientific name. It is written after the name, sometimes with the year, for example L. (Linnaeus) in Zea mays L. An author in parentheses first published the name in another genus or rank.: L.
Common names: Noni, French mulberry, Indian Mulberry, Indian-mulberry, canary-wood, cheesefruit, great morinda, noni-tree, rotten cheesefruit
Names in other languages (44)
Apatot, Fei Froid, Fruta del diablo, Guanábana cimarrona, Indische moerbei, Konokono voalavo, Lada, Malaye, Bois tortue, Mûrier de Java, Vomi le chien, Mengkudu, Mengkudu besar, Mingkudu, Morindier, Morindier, noni, fromager, mûrier indien, Noni asiático, Nonibaum, Nono, Nono, Pomme-chien, Morindier, Nonu, Pain Bush, Pain Killer, Pokok, Pomme-chien, Spirit Fruit (Trinidad & Tobago); Indian mulberry, Tibah, awl tree, bois douleur, hora, nono, mora de la India, morinda, morinda citrolistá, morinda citrusolistá, ngel, pau-azeitona, Моринда цитрусолистная, ರಂಗ್ದ ಕೆತ್ತೆ, අහු, ยอบ้าน, ញភ្នំ, ᨅᨍ (bajá), ノニ, ヤエヤマアオキ, 檄樹, 海巴戟天, 諾麗果
Kingdom: One of the broadest ranks of biological classification. It groups organisms that share very basic features, for example plants (Plantae), animals (Animalia) or fungi (Fungi).: Plantae
Phylum: Rank below kingdom that groups organisms with a shared general body plan, for example chordates (Chordata), arthropods (Arthropoda) or vascular plants (Tracheophyta). In botany the same rank is also called division.: Tracheophyta
Class: Rank below phylum, for example mammals (Mammalia), birds (Aves), insects (Insecta) or monocot plants such as grasses and orchids (Liliopsida).: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rank below class that groups related families, for example grasses and their relatives (Poales) or bats (Chiroptera).: Gentianales
Family: Rank below order that groups related genera. Family names usually end in -aceae in botany (for example Poaceae, the grass family) and in -idae in zoology (for example Felidae, the cat family).: Rubiaceae
Genus: Rank that groups closely related species. Its name is the first word of a species' scientific name and starts with a capital letter, for example Zea in Zea mays.: Morinda
Specific epithet: The second word of a species' scientific name. On its own it does not name the species: it always goes with the genus, for example mays in Zea mays.: citrifolia
Taxonomic rank: The level a name occupies in the hierarchy of biological classification, such as kingdom, family, genus, species or subspecies.: species
Reference species: Morinda citrifolia
Taxonomic status: Whether the taxonomic catalogue the record comes from currently accepts this name for the organism, or treats it as a synonym of another accepted name or as doubtful.: accepted name

Photos and conservation status

IUCN Red List category: The extinction-risk category that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assigns to a species on its Red List. EX Extinct: there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild: it survives only in cultivation, in captivity or as a population far outside its past range. CR Critically endangered, EN Endangered and VU Vulnerable: the three threatened categories, from an extremely high to a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened: close to qualifying as threatened. LC Least concern: evaluated and not threatened. DD Data deficient: there is not enough information to assess its risk. NE Not evaluated: not yet assessed against the criteria. It describes the risk of the species worldwide, not its situation in a project's area.: Least concern (LC)
Source: IUCN Red List via GBIF, queried on 2026-10-09 07:59.

Photo of Morinda citrifolia L. — Photo: Pierre Cartier · CC0 1.0 · View original image · Original observation

Research-grade iNaturalist observations via GBIF, CC0 or CC BY licences only, queried on 2026-10-09 07:59.

Interacciones documentadas

GloBI says it is documented somewhere in the world. Biolitica answers whether it could happen here.

A documented interaction means it was recorded somewhere in the world. It does not mean it occurs here.

Types shown: 9 of 9 is a host of × is eaten by × interacts with (this species is the record's destination) × has its flowers visited by × is pollinated by × is visited by × has as a vector × interacts with (this species is the record's origin) × is a mutualist of ×

Blocks that do not sit under a navigation concept heading keep the source's own term: no navigation concept has been assigned to them yet.

is a host of 62 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. In the source ontology symbiosis covers mutualism, commensalism and parasitism alike, so this block holds attackers and allies side by side.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
BOLD:AAA0255 Crambidae	is a host of	10	not compared
10 sources · 10 records http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHMYF1235-10 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Buenos Aires, Finca Tomate · Sept. 20, 2009 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHMYF1236-10 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Buenos Aires, Finca Tomate · Sept. 3, 2009 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHMYF1237-10 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Buenos Aires, Finca Tomate · Sept. 2, 2009 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHMYF1238-10 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Buenos Aires, Finca Tomate · Aug. 30, 2009 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHMYI1239-10 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Buenos Aires, Finca Tomate · Sept. 26, 2009 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHMYI1240-10 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Buenos Aires, Finca Tomate · Sept. 26, 2009 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHMYI1241-10 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Buenos Aires, Finca Tomate · Sept. 28, 2009 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MHMYI1242-10 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Buenos Aires, Finca Tomate · Sept. 22, 2009 · Material sample And 2 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Puiggarina morindae Phyllachoraceae	is a host of	8	no location
8 sources · 10 records Dingley, J.M., Fullerton, R.A., and McKenzie, E.H.C.. 1981. Survey of Agricultural Pests and Diseases. Technical Report Volume 2. Records of Fungi, Bacteria, Algae, and Angiosperms Pathogenic on Plants in Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Western Samoa. F.A.… Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): Tonga · no date published; Niue · no date published Wulandari, N.F., To-anun, C., and Hyde, K.D.. 2010. %Guignardia morindae% frog eye-leaf spotting disease of %Morinda citrifolia% (Rubiaceae). Mycosphere 1:325-331 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): Thailand · no date published; Indonesia · no date published https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1225671 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Marbo Intercepted Hawaii #12119 · Sept. 20, 1953 · Preserved specimen Nag Raj, T.R.. 1993. Coelomycetous anamorphs with appendage-bearing conidia. Mycologue Publications, Waterloo, Ontario :1-1101 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Indonesia · no date published MCKENZIE E.H.C.. 1996. Fungi, Bacteria and Pathogenic algae on plants in American Samoa, Technical paper No. 206. South Pacific Commission Information Doc. :1-77 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Samoa · no date published Sivanesan, A.. 1984. The bitunicate Ascomycetes and their anamorphs. J. Cramer, Vaduz :701 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Indonesia · no date published Shivas R. G., and Alcorn, J.L.. 1996. A checklist of plant pathogenic and other microfungi in the rainforests of the wet tropics of northern Queensland. Australas. Mycol. 25:158-173 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Australia · no date published Brooks, F.. 2012. Leaf spot diseases of noni/nonu. 12:1-2 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: United States · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Ambrax Butterfly Papilio ambrax Papilionidae	is a host of	4	no location
4 sources · 4 records HOSTS DB Published in globalbioticinteractions/ferrer-paris Context: no place published · no date published EOL Published in globalbioticinteractions/ferrer-paris Context: no place published · no date published Wikipedia Published in globalbioticinteractions/ferrer-paris Context: no place published · no date published Gaden S. Robinson; Phillip R. Ackery; Ian Kitching; George W Beccaloni; Luis M. Hernández (2023). HOSTS (from HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants) [Data set resource]. Natural History Museum. https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/hosts/resource/877f387a-36a3-486c-… Published in globalbioticinteractions/HOSTS Context: New Guinea · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Limacinula theae Coccodiniaceae	is a host of	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2750921 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Hakipuu; Albert Judd's · June 6, 1921 · Preserved specimen a4b9b91e-1082-4e36-8e95-56309b02d6b2 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bpbm-ent Context: Hakipuu; Albert Judd's · June 6, 1921 · Preserved specimen e7967a2d-1892-48f3-8818-813713b96327 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bpbm-ent Context: Hakipuu; Albert Judd's · June 6, 1921 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 62, by number of studies See more of this type

is eaten by 31 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Crisp-banded Hummingbird Hawkmoth Macroglossum sitiene Sphingidae	is eaten by	7	not compared
7 sources · 7 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/198708819 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 8, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200246634 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 24, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200772374 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 29, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202503127 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 15, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/18446810 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 26, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/20929642 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 4, 2019 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/21250786 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 15, 2019 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Silver-striped Hawk-moth Hippotion celerio Sphingidae	is eaten by	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records Edward Baker; Ian Kitching; George W Beccaloni; Amoret Whitaker; Steen Dupont; Vincent Smith; John S Noyes (2017). NHM Interactions Bank. https://doi.org/10.5519/0060767. Accessed at <https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/82e807f0-6273-4f19-be0a-7f7558442a25/resource/f84ad9f1-bd0c-4811… Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/276492199 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 29, 2025 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Macroglossum divergens heliophila Sphingidae	is eaten by	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/330655375 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 10, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/343617675 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 18, 2026 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
White-fronted Amazon Amazona albifrons Psittacidae	is eaten by	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/332791543 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 30, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/332792140 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 13, 2022 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 31, by number of studies See more of this type

interacts with 31 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Longhorn Crazy Ant Paratrechina longicornis Formicidae	interacts with	5	not compared
5 sources · 5 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/5032308 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 31, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/5036847 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 1, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/5044799 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 2, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/5044976 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 2, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/5237973 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 6, 2017 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
House-fly Musca domestica Muscidae	interacts with	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=32385945 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: no place published · Jan. 1, 2017 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=32385946 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: no place published · Jan. 1, 2017 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=32385947 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: no place published · Jan. 1, 2017 · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=32385948 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: no place published · Jan. 1, 2017 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Mud dauber Chalybion bengalense Sphecidae	interacts with	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4438278 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 26, 2016 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/5238294 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 6, 2017 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	interacts with	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/121574599 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 3, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/17236322 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 1, 2018 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 31, by number of studies See more of this type

Flower visit

has its flowers visited by 17 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. Visiting a flower is not pollinating it. «Pollinates» is a different term and a different block, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	has its flowers visited by	4	not compared
4 sources · 10 records Cyrille, N., Lelièvre, Y., Dumbardon-Martial, E. et al. Wild insect flower visitor assemblages and resource use in tropical gardens: driven by floral offer, modulated by honeybees. Biodivers Conserv 35, 213 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-026-03395-9. Accessed at <https:/… Published in globalbioticinteractions/cyrille2026 Record contexts (sample): Martinique · no date published; Martinique · no date published Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/121574599 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 3, 2022 · Human observation Olesen, J. M., L. I. Eskildsen, and S. Venkatasamy. 2002. Invasion of pollination networks on oceanic islands: importance of invader complexes and endemic super generalists. Diversity and Distributions 8:181-192. Published in millerse/Plant-Pollinator-Web Context: Mauritian Ile aux Aigrettes · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Lang's Short-tailed Blue Leptotes pirithous Lycaenidae	has its flowers visited by	2	no location
2 sources · 3 records Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published Olesen, J. M., L. I. Eskildsen, and S. Venkatasamy. 2002. Invasion of pollination networks on oceanic islands: importance of invader complexes and endemic super generalists. Diversity and Distributions 8:181-192. Published in millerse/Plant-Pollinator-Web Context: Mauritian Ile aux Aigrettes · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Fox-colored Stingless Bee Trigona fulviventris Apidae	has its flowers visited by	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/16613142 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 16, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/30815011 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 8, 2019 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Ornate Day Gecko Phelsuma ornata Gekkonidae	has its flowers visited by	2	no location
2 sources · 3 records Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published Olesen, J. M., L. I. Eskildsen, and S. Venkatasamy. 2002. Invasion of pollination networks on oceanic islands: importance of invader complexes and endemic super generalists. Diversity and Distributions 8:181-192. Published in millerse/Plant-Pollinator-Web Context: Mauritian Ile aux Aigrettes · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 17, by number of studies See more of this type

Pollination

is pollinated by 3 organisms

This term declares that the organism benefits this species. «Visits the flowers of» is a different term and a different block: a visitor is not a pollinator, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	is pollinated by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Olesen, J.M., Eskildsen, L.I. & Venkatasamy, S. (2002). Div. Distr., 8:181-192. Published in globalbioticinteractions/web-of-life Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Ornate Day Gecko Phelsuma ornata Gekkonidae	is pollinated by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Olesen, J.M., Eskildsen, L.I. & Venkatasamy, S. (2002). Div. Distr., 8:181-192. Published in globalbioticinteractions/web-of-life Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Lang's Short-tailed Blue Leptotes pirithous Lycaenidae	is pollinated by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Olesen, J.M., Eskildsen, L.I. & Venkatasamy, S. (2002). Div. Distr., 8:181-192. Published in globalbioticinteractions/web-of-life Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 3 of 3, by number of studies

is visited by 2 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Trigona	is visited by	1	not compared	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/26634560 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 20, 2018 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	is visited by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/121574599 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 3, 2022 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 2 of 2, by number of studies

has as a vector 1 organism

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Bat Chiroptera	has as a vector	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at order level.
1 source · 1 record van der Pijl, L. 1957. The dispersal of plants by bats (chiropterochory). Acta Botanica Neerlandica 6: 291-315. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Unspecified · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

interacts with 1 organism

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Zebra Longwing Heliconius charithonia Nymphalidae	interacts with	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/19564664 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 2, 2019 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

is a mutualist of 1 organism

This term declares that the organism benefits this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Asian Weaver Ant Oecophylla smaragdina Formicidae	is a mutualist of	1	no location
1 source · 1 record In Singapore, colonies are often found in sea hibiscus and great morinda trees which entice the ants with nectar, the trees in return receiving protection from herbivorous insects Published in globalbioticinteractions/speciesconnect Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

Interaction data from Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI), GloBI 0.11. Each row keeps the citation its own study published.

Interactions are published at species level: they are not resolved by variety or race.

Each block is headed by the source's own term, read from this species' end — not by a category of ours. Two similar terms are not merged.

«Documented here» means the interaction was observed in this territory. It is not evidence that the species is here, and it does not enter the niche model.

Acompañantes documentados

This agronomic reading comes from a source reserved for internal use, so it is not shown here.

Documented uses and recommendations

Uses and recommendations that a source documents for this species beside a crop, each in its own context. They are the source's statements, not traits of the species and not Biolítica's recommendations, and none of them is a relation between two species.

Among the sources you can read, none documents a use or recommendation of this species beside a crop.