fragrant sumac (Rhus aromatica)

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Identidad taxonómica

Scientific name: Rhus aromatica Aiton
Canonical name: The scientific name without its authorship or date, for example Zea mays instead of Zea mays L.: Rhus aromatica
Authorship: The author or authors credited with publishing the scientific name. It is written after the name, sometimes with the year, for example L. (Linnaeus) in Zea mays L. An author in parentheses first published the name in another genus or rank.: Aiton
Common names: fragrant sumac, Aromatic Sumac, Lemon Sumac, Polecatbush, Skunkbrush, Squawbush, Sweet Sumac, basket bush, skunkbush, sweet-scented sumac
Names in other languages (20)
Gewürz-Sumach, Zumaque apestoso, agrito, doftsumak, duftender Sumach, hoyvnēcv-rakko, kokulu sumak, lõhnav sumahh, sumac aromatique, sumac odorant, sumach voňavý, sumak aromatyczny, tsameesh, tuoksusumakki, škumpa aromatická, Сумах душистый, Աղտոր բուրավետ, 香漆, 香盐肤木, 香鹽膚木
Kingdom: One of the broadest ranks of biological classification. It groups organisms that share very basic features, for example plants (Plantae), animals (Animalia) or fungi (Fungi).: Plantae
Phylum: Rank below kingdom that groups organisms with a shared general body plan, for example chordates (Chordata), arthropods (Arthropoda) or vascular plants (Tracheophyta). In botany the same rank is also called division.: Tracheophyta
Class: Rank below phylum, for example mammals (Mammalia), birds (Aves), insects (Insecta) or monocot plants such as grasses and orchids (Liliopsida).: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rank below class that groups related families, for example grasses and their relatives (Poales) or bats (Chiroptera).: Sapindales
Family: Rank below order that groups related genera. Family names usually end in -aceae in botany (for example Poaceae, the grass family) and in -idae in zoology (for example Felidae, the cat family).: Anacardiaceae
Genus: Rank that groups closely related species. Its name is the first word of a species' scientific name and starts with a capital letter, for example Zea in Zea mays.: Rhus
Specific epithet: The second word of a species' scientific name. On its own it does not name the species: it always goes with the genus, for example mays in Zea mays.: aromatica
Taxonomic rank: The level a name occupies in the hierarchy of biological classification, such as kingdom, family, genus, species or subspecies.: species
Reference species: Rhus aromatica
Taxonomic status: Whether the taxonomic catalogue the record comes from currently accepts this name for the organism, or treats it as a synonym of another accepted name or as doubtful.: accepted name

Photos and conservation status

IUCN Red List category: The extinction-risk category that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assigns to a species on its Red List. EX Extinct: there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild: it survives only in cultivation, in captivity or as a population far outside its past range. CR Critically endangered, EN Endangered and VU Vulnerable: the three threatened categories, from an extremely high to a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened: close to qualifying as threatened. LC Least concern: evaluated and not threatened. DD Data deficient: there is not enough information to assess its risk. NE Not evaluated: not yet assessed against the criteria. It describes the risk of the species worldwide, not its situation in a project's area.: Not available.

No photos have been requested for this species yet.

Interacciones documentadas

GloBI says it is documented somewhere in the world. Biolitica answers whether it could happen here.

A documented interaction means it was recorded somewhere in the world. It does not mean it occurs here.

Types shown: 11 of 11 interacts with (this species is the record's destination) × is a host of × has its flowers visited by × is eaten by × interacts with (this species is the record's origin) × is pollinated by × is visited by × is adjacent to × has as a parasite × is preyed upon by × visits the flowers of ×

Blocks that do not sit under a navigation concept heading keep the source's own term: no navigation concept has been assigned to them yet.

interacts with 389 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Sumac Gall Aphid Melaphis rhois Aphididae	interacts with	153	not compared
153 sources · 195 records Tri-Trophic Thematic Collection Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2016-03-08. http://tcn.amnh.org/. National Science Foundation grant(s) EF#1115081, EF#1115103, EF#1115080, EF#1115144, EF#1115191, EF#1115104, EF#1115115 Published in globalbioticinteractions/arthropodEasyCaptureAMNH Record contexts (sample): Monkey Run · Aug. 10, 1938 · Preserved specimen; Monkey Run · Aug. 10, 1938 · LabelObservation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/138211669 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Oct. 7, 2022 · Human observation; no place published · Oct. 7, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/138211679 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Oct. 7, 2022 · Human observation; no place published · Oct. 7, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/3945974 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Aug. 21, 2016 · Human observation; no place published · Aug. 21, 2016 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/231716250 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · July 24, 2024 · Human observation; no place published · July 24, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133451579 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Sept. 1, 2022 · Human observation; no place published · Sept. 1, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/137195252 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Oct. 1, 2022 · Human observation; no place published · Oct. 1, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/374964644 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · June 23, 2026 · Human observation; no place published · June 23, 2026 · Human observation And 145 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Stigmella intermedia Nepticulidae	interacts with	107	not compared
107 sources · 122 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/138210008 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Oct. 7, 2022 · Human observation; no place published · Oct. 7, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/296298482 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · July 8, 2025 · Human observation; no place published · July 8, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/296506103 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · July 9, 2025 · Human observation; no place published · July 9, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/298446756 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · July 16, 2025 · Human observation; no place published · July 16, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/228071215 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · July 8, 2024 · Human observation; no place published · July 8, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/245607776 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Oct. 4, 2024 · Human observation; no place published · Oct. 4, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/42116456 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Aug. 31, 2008 · Human observation; no place published · Aug. 31, 2008 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/180366667 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Aug. 26, 2023 · Human observation; no place published · Aug. 26, 2023 · Human observation And 99 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Aculops rhois Eriophyidae	interacts with	93	not compared
93 sources · 98 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/306907754 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · July 26, 2025 · Human observation; no place published · July 26, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/228508677 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · July 10, 2024 · Human observation; no place published · July 10, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/240693283 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Sept. 5, 2024 · Human observation; no place published · Sept. 5, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/182763776 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Sept. 9, 2023 · Human observation; no place published · Sept. 9, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/193095987 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Nov. 30, 2023 · Human observation; no place published · Nov. 30, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/197265867 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 21, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/197271658 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 23, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/197426420 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 26, 2023 · Human observation And 85 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Lasioglossum semicaeruleum Halictidae	interacts with	73	not compared
73 sources · 73 records 17a92718-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e Published in globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc Context: Kingman, 8 mi W · May 10, 1984 · Preserved specimen 17d0b8b3-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e Published in globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc Context: Kingman, 8 mi W · May 10, 1984 · Preserved specimen 17f97fe1-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e Published in globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc Context: Kingman, 8 mi W · May 10, 1984 · Preserved specimen 180dc1a0-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e Published in globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc Context: Kingman, 8 mi W · May 10, 1984 · Preserved specimen 1891e170-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e Published in globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc Context: Kingman, 8 mi W · May 10, 1984 · Preserved specimen 18ad741a-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e Published in globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc Context: Kingman, 8 mi W · May 10, 1984 · Preserved specimen 19a0c4b5-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e Published in globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc Context: Kingman, 8 mi W · May 10, 1984 · Preserved specimen 19e9cb02-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e Published in globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc Context: Kingman, 8 mi W · May 10, 1984 · Preserved specimen And 65 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 389, by number of studies See more of this type

is a host of 255 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. In the source ontology symbiosis covers mutualism, commensalism and parasitism alike, so this block holds attackers and allies side by side.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
BOLD:ABZ6353 Aphididae	is a host of	70	not compared
70 sources · 70 records http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=QAPHD001-17 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Pierce`s Corners (Pierce`s Rd: Melaphis site 48) · Sept. 20, 1991 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=QAPHD002-17 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Pierce`s Corners (Pierce`s Rd: Melaphis site 48) · Sept. 20, 1991 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=QAPHD003-17 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Pierce`s Corners (Pierce`s Rd: Melaphis site 48) · Sept. 20, 1991 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=QAPHD004-17 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Pierce`s Corners (Pierce`s Rd: Melaphis site 48) · Sept. 20, 1991 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=QAPHD005-17 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Kemptville (G. Howard Ferguson Forest Station: Mel · Sept. 19, 1993 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=QAPHD006-17 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Kemptville (G. Howard Ferguson Forest Station: Mel · Sept. 19, 1993 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=QAPHD007-17 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Kemptville (G. Howard Ferguson Forest Station: Mel · Sept. 19, 1993 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=QAPHD008-17 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Marlborough Forest (Melaphis site 31) · Sept. 19, 1993 · Material sample And 62 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
BOLD:AAA2079 Aphididae	is a host of	60	not compared
60 sources · 60 records http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=QAPHD074-17 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: State College, Bellefonte Central Rail Trail and S · Aug. 22, 2013 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=QAPHD086-17 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Parc de la Gatineau (Champlain lookout: Melaphis s · Sept. 19, 1993 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=QAPHD087-17 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Kingston, Westbrook (service centre, Hwy 401 eastb · Sept. 13, 1993 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=QAPHD088-17 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Kingston, Westbrook (service centre, Hwy 401 eastb · Sept. 13, 1993 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=QAPHD089-17 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Prescott (Pruner Rd, off Hwy 16, n of 401: Melaphi · Sept. 13, 1993 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=QAPHD090-17 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Prescott (Pruner Rd, off Hwy 16, n of 401: Melaphi · Sept. 13, 1993 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=QAPHD091-17 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: e of Robertsville (Melaphis site 14A) · Sept. 16, 1993 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=QAPHD092-17 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: e of Robertsville (Melaphis site 14A) · Sept. 16, 1993 · Material sample And 52 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Septoria rhoina Mycosphaerellaceae	is a host of	49	not compared
49 sources · 49 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11785328 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: L. Temagami, Bear Island · Aug. 14, 1933 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11789325 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: L. Temagami, Bear Island · Aug. 14, 1933 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11789326 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Sauble Beach · Aug. 1, 1934 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11789327 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: West of Hull · Oct. 20, 1909 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11789328 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: West of Hull · Oct. 20, 1891 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11789329 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Johnson · Sept. 1, 1894 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11789330 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Wildcat Mt. State Park near Ontario · Sept. 13, 1960 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1249273 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Johnson · Sept. 12, 1894 · Preserved specimen And 41 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Synnemasporella aculeans Synnemasporellaceae	is a host of	42	not compared
42 sources · 42 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11550015 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Alcove · Jan. 1, 1893 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=13212998 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Bethlehem · no date published · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=13213000 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Bethlehem · no date published · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1545323 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Alcove · Oct. 1, 1893 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1555118 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Radnor Heights · Jan. 1, 1927 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1555182 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Fayette Co. · March 29, 1894 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1556978 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Fostoria, Arlington Co. · April 6, 1921 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1556980 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Woodward, Center Co. · June 12, 1937 · Preserved specimen And 34 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 255, by number of studies See more of this type

Flower visit

has its flowers visited by 149 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. Visiting a flower is not pollinating it. «Pollinates» is a different term and a different block, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Unequal Cellophane Bee Colletes inaequalis Colletidae	has its flowers visited by	14	not compared
14 sources · 14 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1370906 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 4, 2015 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202700413 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 15, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/5385329 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 16, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/110218551 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 2, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/117932615 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 18, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/117933021 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 18, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/16681915 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 29, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/22157330 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 7, 2019 · Human observation And 6 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	has its flowers visited by	12	not compared
12 sources · 12 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/219823013 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 1, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/120660386 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 7, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/122223716 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 17, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/224276745 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 21, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/19550459 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 16, 2012 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/26248452 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 2, 2019 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/375881252 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 26, 2026 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/51439398 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 28, 2020 · Human observation And 4 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	has its flowers visited by	12	not compared
12 sources · 12 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202440008 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 14, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202700418 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 15, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/211868388 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 29, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/211868897 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 29, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/111024597 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 9, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/113624449 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 29, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/10579610 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 31, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/40167481 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 14, 2020 · Human observation And 4 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Eastern Carpenter Xylocopa virginica Apidae	has its flowers visited by	8	not compared
8 sources · 8 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/295834932 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 19, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/221422686 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 8, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/224807518 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 23, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/123276656 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 24, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/51330930 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 28, 2020 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/166243062 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 29, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/179271558 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 19, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/82075739 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 7, 2021 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 149, by number of studies See more of this type

visits the flowers of 1 organism

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Grass Poaceae Poaceae	visits the flowers of	2	not compared	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at family level.
2 sources · 2 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/135571880 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 18, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/137580730 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 4, 2022 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

is eaten by 144 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
American Robin Turdus migratorius Turdidae	is eaten by	16	not compared
16 sources · 17 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/257502940 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Jan. 5, 2025 · Human observation; no place published · Jan. 5, 2025 · Human observation Jordon Tourville (Expert) Published in globalbioticinteractions/hale2024 Context: no place published · no date published https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/197539063 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 24, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202662263 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 10, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/104981600 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 15, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/106396422 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 8, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/10247204 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 15, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/10545208 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 30, 2018 · Human observation And 8 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris Sturnidae	is eaten by	6	not compared
6 sources · 7 records Reji Chacko, M., Albouy, C., Altermatt, F., Brändle, M., Casanelles Abella, J., Boussange, V., Campell, F., Ellis, W. N., Fopp, F., Gossner, M. M., Ho., H., Joss, A., Kipf, P., Neff, F., Petrović, A., Prié, V., Tomanović, Ž., Zimmerli, N., Pellissier, L. (2024). trophiCH v1 - a … Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published Ho, H.-C. (2022). Data and R script (Blue and green food webs respond differently to elevation and land use) [Dataset]. figshare. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17817152.v1 Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Switzerland · Jan. 1, 2022 · Metaweb https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/106396421 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 8, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/108402567 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 5, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/140606652 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 29, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262689083 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 18, 2025 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Peppered Moth Biston betularia Geometridae	is eaten by	5	no location
5 sources · 5 records Brian G. Scholtens (Expert) Published in globalbioticinteractions/hale2024 Context: no place published · no date published Jordon Tourville (Expert) Published in globalbioticinteractions/hale2024 Context: no place published · no date published Robinson, G. S., Ackery, P. A., Kitching, I., Beccaloni, G. W., Hernández, L. M. (2023). HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants [Data set]. Natural History Museum. (doi:10.5519/havt50xw) <https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/hosts> Published in globalbioticinteractions/hale2024 Context: no place published · no date published Edward Baker; Ian Kitching; George W Beccaloni; Amoret Whitaker; Steen Dupont; Vincent Smith; John S Noyes (2017). NHM Interactions Bank. https://doi.org/10.5519/0060767. Accessed at <https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/82e807f0-6273-4f19-be0a-7f7558442a25/resource/f84ad9f1-bd0c-4811… Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published Poelen, J. H. Global Biotic Interactions: Interpreted Data Products. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5708970 (2021). Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Global · Jan. 1, 2021 · Metaanalysis A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Gypsy Moth Lymantria dispar Erebidae	is eaten by	4	no location
4 sources · 4 records Brian G. Scholtens (Expert) Published in globalbioticinteractions/hale2024 Context: no place published · no date published Jordon Tourville (Expert) Published in globalbioticinteractions/hale2024 Context: no place published · no date published Robinson, G. S., Ackery, P. A., Kitching, I., Beccaloni, G. W., Hernández, L. M. (2023). HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants [Data set]. Natural History Museum. (doi:10.5519/havt50xw) <https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/hosts> Published in globalbioticinteractions/hale2024 Context: no place published · no date published Poelen, J. H. Global Biotic Interactions: Interpreted Data Products. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5708970 (2021). Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Global · Jan. 1, 2021 · Metaanalysis A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 144, by number of studies See more of this type

interacts with 63 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
fragrant sumac Rhus typhina Anacardiaceae	interacts with	6	not compared
6 sources · 6 records http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=KSR136-07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Regional Municipality of York, King Twp., Jokers Hill West., 150 m w of tennis courns at edg · July 4, 2006 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=MSTH048-12 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Monteregie, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Area surrounding research station · June 22, 2012 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=PLREN077-11 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Renfrew District, Petawawa, NEBIE field study site · Oct. 7, 2010 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=RBPLT046-13 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Rouge National Urban Park, Sector 7 · Sept. 14, 2013 · Material sample http://bins.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=VEMSH231-13 Published in globalbioticinteractions/bold Context: Gault Nature Reserve. Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec. A · June 22, 2012 · Material sample https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/94667758 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 12, 2021 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
fragrant sumac Rhus aromatica Anacardiaceae	interacts with	4	no location
4 sources · 4 records 0fd3c5bc-fc8c-11e7-b6ab-7f8dc9ecaf07 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison Context: Hwy jct; 1.1 mi N of jct OK46 & OK15 in stabilized sand dunes on N side of Wolf Creek · 0005-01-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen 0fc630fa-fc8c-11e7-b183-ffd7d16272b4 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison Context: Creta; SW of Creta · no date published · Preserved specimen 0f364aee-fc8c-11e7-89ea-5f568fe13da9 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison Context: Creta; SW of Creta · no date published · Preserved specimen 404106e2-fc8c-11e7-8a26-3b4c48ab8f0a Published in globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison Context: Beaver State park · no date published · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Post Oak Quercus stellata	interacts with	3	no location
3 sources · 3 records 0f9bc4fa-fc8c-11e7-ab5f-1b6db63219eb Published in globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison Context: Quartz Mountain State Park; rocky edge of creek below the dam at Quartz Mountain State Park · 0004-01-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen 312b6abc-fc8c-11e7-98c3-4befc5dce5d6 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison Context: Lake Keystone; N side of Hwy 412 at east end of Lake Keystone Bridge · 0005-01-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen 402715e8-fc8c-11e7-b7cd-4b85571e5ccf Published in globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison Context: section line road approximately 0.6 mile north of Hwy 84 · 0004-01-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Prosopis	interacts with	3	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
3 sources · 3 records 0f342804-fc8c-11e7-a33e-5327a452aa4c Published in globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison Context: ca. 0.25 mi S of Elm Fork of Red River, on Rt. 30 · no date published · Preserved specimen 0fc630fa-fc8c-11e7-b183-ffd7d16272b4 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison Context: Creta; SW of Creta · no date published · Preserved specimen 0f364aee-fc8c-11e7-89ea-5f568fe13da9 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison Context: Creta; SW of Creta · no date published · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 63, by number of studies See more of this type

Pollination

is pollinated by 38 organisms

This term declares that the organism benefits this species. «Visits the flowers of» is a different term and a different block: a visitor is not a pollinator, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Apoidea	is pollinated by	4	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at superfamily level.
4 sources · 4 records Ley, E., Buchmann, S., McGuire, K. & Stritch, L. (2015f). Eastern Broadleaf Forest, Continetal Pollinator Guide (Pollinator Guide). The Pollinator Partnership/North American Pollinator Protection Campaign Published in globalbioticinteractions/cpc-pollinators Context: no place published · no date published Ley, E., Buchmann, S., McGuire, K. & McDonald, C. (2015e). American Semi Desert and Desert Regional Pollinator Guide (Pollinator Guide). The Pollinator Partnership/North American Pollinator Protection Campaign Published in globalbioticinteractions/cpc-pollinators Context: no place published · no date published Ley, E., Buchmann, S., Stritch, L. & Soltz, G. (2015l). Intermountain Semidesert and Desert Province Regional Pollinator Guide (Pollinator Guide). The Pollinator Partnership/North American Pollinator Protection Campaign Published in globalbioticinteractions/cpc-pollinators Context: no place published · no date published Ley, E., Buchmann, S., Stritch, L. & Soltz, G. (2015m). Intermountain Semidesert Province Regional Pollinator Guide (Pollinator Guide). The Pollinator Partnership/North American Pollinator Protection Campaign Published in globalbioticinteractions/cpc-pollinators Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
insects Insecta	is pollinated by	3	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at class level.
3 sources · 3 records Ley, E., Buchmann, S., McGuire, K. & McDonald, C. (2015e). American Semi Desert and Desert Regional Pollinator Guide (Pollinator Guide). The Pollinator Partnership/North American Pollinator Protection Campaign Published in globalbioticinteractions/cpc-pollinators Context: no place published · no date published Ley, E., Buchmann, S., Stritch, L. & Soltz, G. (2015l). Intermountain Semidesert and Desert Province Regional Pollinator Guide (Pollinator Guide). The Pollinator Partnership/North American Pollinator Protection Campaign Published in globalbioticinteractions/cpc-pollinators Context: no place published · no date published Ley, E., Buchmann, S., Stritch, L. & Soltz, G. (2015m). Intermountain Semidesert Province Regional Pollinator Guide (Pollinator Guide). The Pollinator Partnership/North American Pollinator Protection Campaign Published in globalbioticinteractions/cpc-pollinators Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Butterflies & Moths Lepidoptera	is pollinated by	2	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at order level.
2 sources · 2 records Poelen, J. H. Global Biotic Interactions: Interpreted Data Products. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5708970 (2021). Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Global · Jan. 1, 2021 · Metaanalysis Ley, E., Buchmann, S., McGuire, K. & Stritch, L. (2015g). Laurentian Mixed Forest Province Regional Pollinator Guide (Pollinator Guide). The Pollinator Partnership/North American Pollinator Protection Campaign Published in globalbioticinteractions/cpc-pollinators Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea Chrysopidae	is pollinated by	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records Reji Chacko, M., Albouy, C., Altermatt, F., Brändle, M., Casanelles Abella, J., Boussange, V., Campell, F., Ellis, W. N., Fopp, F., Gossner, M. M., Ho., H., Joss, A., Kipf, P., Neff, F., Petrović, A., Prié, V., Tomanović, Ž., Zimmerli, N., Pellissier, L. (2024). trophiCH v1 - a … Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: no place published · no date published Bertrand, C., Eckerter, P. W., Ammann, L., Entling, M. H., Gobet, E., Herzog, F., Mestre, L., Tinner, W., & Albrecht, M. (2019). Data from: Seasonal shifts and complementary use of pollen sources by two bee, a lacewing and a ladybeetle species in European agricultural landscapes… Published in globalbioticinteractions/trophiCH Context: Switzerland; Germany · Jan. 1, 2019 · Morphological analysis A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 38, by number of studies See more of this type

is visited by 33 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Autumn Webworm Hyphantria cunea Erebidae	is visited by	9	not compared
9 sources · 9 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/307959642 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 20, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/312551479 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 20, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/261989979 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 21, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/261990020 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 21, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/261990243 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 21, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/261990267 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 21, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/261990275 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 21, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262574830 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 20, 2024 · Human observation And 1 more source, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Hickory Tussock Moth Lophocampa caryae Erebidae	is visited by	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/313045543 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 21, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/261990011 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 21, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/261990252 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 21, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/261990273 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 21, 2024 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Sumac Gall Aphid Melaphis rhois Aphididae	is visited by	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/229749041 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 15, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/235239149 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 11, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/58071347 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 30, 2020 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/71132147 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 28, 2019 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Green Shieldbug Palomena prasina Pentatomidae	is visited by	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178395317 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 12, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178406685 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 12, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178406688 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 12, 2023 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 33, by number of studies See more of this type

is adjacent to 29 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Synnemasporella aculeans Synnemasporellaceae	is adjacent to	9	not compared
9 sources · 9 records ef786b83-2a3f-48f4-baa4-ef9e27c8e0d0 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fmnh Context: Harraby, Lake Rosseau · Sept. 1, 1902 · Preserved specimen 027254cc-d33d-4b07-ba4e-3ad210110958 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fmnh Context: no place published · Aug. 1, 1902 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=864949 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Danby, West Danby · April 18, 1906 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4338438 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: N of Nashville · June 8, 1947 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=5053417 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: North Toronto, Bathurst St, Don Valley · April 22, 1933 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=5053428 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: NW of Brampton · May 21, 1937 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2711542 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · April 1, 1921 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2711526 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · March 19, 1893 · Preserved specimen And 1 more source, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Septoria rhoina Mycosphaerellaceae	is adjacent to	5	not compared
5 sources · 5 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3981633 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · Oct. 4, 1893 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3981635 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · June 27, 1888 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4025338 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Wildcat Mt. State Park near Ontario; 43.700527 -90.56152 · Sept. 13, 1960 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4025341 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · Aug. 1, 1950 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4025344 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · June 29, 1888 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Cladosporium nervale Cladosporiaceae	is adjacent to	5	not compared
5 sources · 5 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2653009 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Crivitz · July 20, 1933 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2653018 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Nekoosa · July 19, 1919 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2653001 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Bear Island, L. Temagami, T.F.R. · Sept. 12, 1929 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2652996 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Dow's L., Ottawa · Aug. 30, 1944 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2653020 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Ellison Bay · July 15, 1913 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Powdery Mildew Podosphaera macularis Erysiphaceae	is adjacent to	4	not compared
4 sources · 4 records 2c1406a4-e17f-40ab-8e0a-e94b863551df Published in globalbioticinteractions/fmnh Context: London · Aug. 1, 1904 · Preserved specimen 9593d9a8-e526-4902-a83d-ce1a4f39f08b Published in globalbioticinteractions/fmnh Context: London · Aug. 1, 1904 · Preserved specimen e8dcf5e2-f3d6-4eec-a00d-c7e3f91df7db Published in globalbioticinteractions/fmnh Context: no place published · July 10, 1899 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4213880 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Near Springbank · Aug. 17, 1912 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 29, by number of studies See more of this type

has as a parasite 6 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Eurytoma rhois Eurytomidae	has as a parasite	3	no location
3 sources · 3 records Peck963 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published Burks979 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published Neunzi964 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Aculops rhois Eriophyidae	has as a parasite	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/134726495 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 12, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/134726658 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 12, 2022 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Axima zabriskiei Eurytomidae	has as a parasite	1	no location
1 source · 1 record VickruHuRi2010 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Sumac Gall Aphid Melaphis rhois Aphididae	has as a parasite	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/236279322 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 15, 2024 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 6, by number of studies See more of this type

is preyed upon by 3 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
American Robin Turdus migratorius Turdidae	is preyed upon by	5	not compared
5 sources · 5 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/104780897 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 31, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/104846913 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 3, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/104859751 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 3, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/104859885 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 31, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/335624124 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 21, 2026 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris Sturnidae	is preyed upon by	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/104846875 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 3, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/104859814 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Jan. 3, 2022 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Tufted Titmouse Baeolophus bicolor Paridae	is preyed upon by	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/329879825 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 7, 2025 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 3 of 3, by number of studies

Interaction data from Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI), GloBI 0.11. Each row keeps the citation its own study published.

Interactions are published at species level: they are not resolved by variety or race.

Each block is headed by the source's own term, read from this species' end — not by a category of ours. Two similar terms are not merged.

«Documented here» means the interaction was observed in this territory. It is not evidence that the species is here, and it does not enter the niche model.

Acompañantes documentados

This agronomic reading comes from a source reserved for internal use, so it is not shown here.

Documented uses and recommendations

Uses and recommendations that a source documents for this species beside a crop, each in its own context. They are the source's statements, not traits of the species and not Biolítica's recommendations, and none of them is a relation between two species.

Among the sources you can read, none documents a use or recommendation of this species beside a crop.