alamo tree (Ficus cotinifolia)

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Identidad taxonómica

Scientific name: Ficus cotinifolia Kunth
Canonical name: The scientific name without its authorship or date, for example Zea mays instead of Zea mays L.: Ficus cotinifolia
Authorship: The author or authors credited with publishing the scientific name. It is written after the name, sometimes with the year, for example L. (Linnaeus) in Zea mays L. An author in parentheses first published the name in another genus or rank.: Kunth
Common names: alamo tree, nacapul
Names in other languages (6)
Amate negro, Mata palo, Zalate, uohtoli, Álamo, 考丁葉榕
Kingdom: One of the broadest ranks of biological classification. It groups organisms that share very basic features, for example plants (Plantae), animals (Animalia) or fungi (Fungi).: Plantae
Phylum: Rank below kingdom that groups organisms with a shared general body plan, for example chordates (Chordata), arthropods (Arthropoda) or vascular plants (Tracheophyta). In botany the same rank is also called division.: Tracheophyta
Class: Rank below phylum, for example mammals (Mammalia), birds (Aves), insects (Insecta) or monocot plants such as grasses and orchids (Liliopsida).: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rank below class that groups related families, for example grasses and their relatives (Poales) or bats (Chiroptera).: Rosales
Family: Rank below order that groups related genera. Family names usually end in -aceae in botany (for example Poaceae, the grass family) and in -idae in zoology (for example Felidae, the cat family).: Moraceae
Genus: Rank that groups closely related species. Its name is the first word of a species' scientific name and starts with a capital letter, for example Zea in Zea mays.: Ficus
Specific epithet: The second word of a species' scientific name. On its own it does not name the species: it always goes with the genus, for example mays in Zea mays.: cotinifolia
Taxonomic rank: The level a name occupies in the hierarchy of biological classification, such as kingdom, family, genus, species or subspecies.: species
Reference species: Ficus cotinifolia
Taxonomic status: Whether the taxonomic catalogue the record comes from currently accepts this name for the organism, or treats it as a synonym of another accepted name or as doubtful.: accepted name

Photos and conservation status

IUCN Red List category: The extinction-risk category that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assigns to a species on its Red List. EX Extinct: there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild: it survives only in cultivation, in captivity or as a population far outside its past range. CR Critically endangered, EN Endangered and VU Vulnerable: the three threatened categories, from an extremely high to a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened: close to qualifying as threatened. LC Least concern: evaluated and not threatened. DD Data deficient: there is not enough information to assess its risk. NE Not evaluated: not yet assessed against the criteria. It describes the risk of the species worldwide, not its situation in a project's area.: Least concern (LC)
Source: IUCN Red List via GBIF, queried on 2026-10-13 11:01.

Photo of Ficus cotinifolia Kunth — Photo: Juan Cruzado Cortés · CC BY 4.0 · View original image · Original observation

Research-grade iNaturalist observations via GBIF, CC0 or CC BY licences only, queried on 2026-10-13 11:01.

Interacciones documentadas

GloBI says it is documented somewhere in the world. Biolitica answers whether it could happen here.

A documented interaction means it was recorded somewhere in the world. It does not mean it occurs here.

Types shown: 7 of 7 is eaten by × has as a vector × interacts with × is adjacent to × is a host of × has as a parasite × is a symbiont of ×

Blocks that do not sit under a navigation concept heading keep the source's own term: no navigation concept has been assigned to them yet.

is eaten by 79 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Jamaica Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus jamaicensis Phyllostomidae	is eaten by	6	not compared
6 sources · 7 records Santiago 2014 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Record contexts (sample): Mexico · no date published; Mexico · no date published Fleming 1977 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Costa Rica · no date published Garcia-Morales 2012 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Mexico · no date published Ramos-Robles 2018 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Mexico · no date published Fleming, T.H., E.R. Heithaus & W.B. Sawyer. 1977. An experimental analysis of the food location behavior of frugivorous bats. Ecology 58: 619-627 Published in globalbioticinteractions/NeoBat_Interactions Context: no place published · no date published Herrera M., L.G., K.A. Hobson, L. Mir�n, N. Ram�rez, G. M�ndez & V. S�nchez-Cordero. 2001. Sources of protein in two species of phytophagous bats in a seasonal dry forest: evidence from stable-isotype analysis. Journal of Mammalogy 82: 352-361 Published in globalbioticinteractions/NeoBat_Interactions Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pallas's Long-Tongued Bat Glossophaga soricina Phyllostomidae	is eaten by	5	not compared
5 sources · 6 records Santiago 2014 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Record contexts (sample): Mexico · no date published; Mexico · no date published Fleming 1977 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Costa Rica · no date published Garcia-Morales 2012 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Mexico · no date published Ramos-Robles 2018 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Mexico · no date published Fleming, T.H., E.R. Heithaus & W.B. Sawyer. 1977. An experimental analysis of the food location behavior of frugivorous bats. Ecology 58: 619-627 Published in globalbioticinteractions/NeoBat_Interactions Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Great Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus lituratus Phyllostomidae	is eaten by	4	not compared
4 sources · 5 records Santiago 2014 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Record contexts (sample): Mexico · no date published; Mexico · no date published Fleming 1977 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Costa Rica · no date published Garcia-Morales 2012 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Mexico · no date published Ramos-Robles 2018 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Mexico · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Seba's Short-tailed Bat Carollia perspicillata Phyllostomidae	is eaten by	4	not compared
4 sources · 5 records Santiago 2014 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Record contexts (sample): Mexico · no date published; Mexico · no date published Fleming 1977 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Costa Rica · no date published Ramos-Robles 2018 Published in globalbioticinteractions/fricke2020 Context: Mexico · no date published Heithaus, E. R., and. H. Fleming. 1978. Foraging movements of a frugivorous bat, Carolila perspicillata (Phyllostomatidae). Ecological Monographs, 48: 127- 143. Published in globalbioticinteractions/bat-co-roosting-database Context: Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Guanacaste Province · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 79, by number of studies See more of this type

has as a vector 8 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Jamaica Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus jamaicensis Phyllostomidae	has as a vector	3	not compared
3 sources · 3 records Herrera-M, L., et al. 2001. Sources of protein in two species of phytophagous bats in a seasonal dry forest: evidence from stable-isotype analysis. Journal of Mammalogy 82 (2): 352-361. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve · no date published Fleming, T. H., E. R. Heithaus & W. B. Sawyer. 1977. An experimental analysis of the food location behavior of frugivorous bats. Ecology 58: 619-627. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Parque Nacional Santa Rosa · no date published Coates-Estrada, R. & A. Estrada. 1986. Fruiting and frugivores at a strangler fig in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Journal of Tropical Ecology 2 (4): 349-357. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Los Tuxtlas Biological Station · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
NEW WORLD LEAF-NOSED BATS Phyllostomidae Phyllostomidae	has as a vector	1	not compared	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at family level.
1 source · 1 record Fleming, T. H. & E. R. Heithaus. 1981. Frugivorous bats, seed shadows, and the structure of tropical forests. Biotropica 13 (2): 45-53. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Parque Nacional Santa Rosa · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Hairy Big-eyed Bat Chiroderma villosum Phyllostomidae	has as a vector	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Fleming, T. H., E. R. Heithaus & W. B. Sawyer. 1977. An experimental analysis of the food location behavior of frugivorous bats. Ecology 58: 619-627. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Parque Nacional Santa Rosa · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat Artibeus phaeotis	has as a vector	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Fleming, T. H., E. R. Heithaus & W. B. Sawyer. 1977. An experimental analysis of the food location behavior of frugivorous bats. Ecology 58: 619-627. Published in globalbioticinteractions/batbase Context: Parque Nacional Santa Rosa · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 8, by number of studies See more of this type

interacts with 4 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Cuban laurel thrips Gynaikothrips ficorum Phlaeothripidae	interacts with	2	not compared
2 sources · 2 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/139777343 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 23, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/140003145 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 25, 2022 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Blue-grey Gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea Polioptilidae	interacts with	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/116767770 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 19, 2022 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pegoscapus kraussi Agaonidae	interacts with	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Wiebes, J.T. (1986a) Agaonidae (Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea) and <i>Ficus</i> (Moraceae): fig wasps and their figs, I. <i>Proceedings. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam (C)</i>, 89, 335–355. Published in urn:lsid:checklistbank.org:dataset:124661 Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Tillandsia capitata Bromeliaceae	interacts with	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/116767769 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 19, 2022 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 4, by number of studies

is adjacent to 3 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
rupikat Vararia Lachnocladiaceae	is adjacent to	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
1 source · 1 record https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2328621 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Rio Cuchujaqui, Guirocoba Crossing, Alamos Area · Sept. 11, 1994 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Priemharig korstje Subulicystidium longisporum Hydnodontaceae	is adjacent to	1	no location
1 source · 1 record https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2328468 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Rio Cuchujaqui, Guirocoba Crossing, Alamos Area · Sept. 11, 1994 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Lacquered Bracket Ganoderma lucidum	is adjacent to	1	no location
1 source · 1 record https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3661608 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Arroyo el Huirotal, Alamos Area · Sept. 12, 1994 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 3 of 3, by number of studies

is a host of 2 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. In the source ontology symbiosis covers mutualism, commensalism and parasitism alike, so this block holds attackers and allies side by side.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Ophiodothella fici Phyllachoraceae	is a host of	1	no location
1 source · 1 record https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1574006 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Braithewaite Bay, Socorro Island · March 26, 1932 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pegoscapus kraussi	is a host of	1	no location
1 source · 1 record Grandi, G. (1952b) Insetti dei fichi Messicani, Malesi ed Australiani. <i>Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia della Università degli Studi di Bologna</i>, 19, 47–67. Published in urn:lsid:checklistbank.org:dataset:124661 Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 2 of 2, by number of studies

has as a parasite 1 organism

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Pegoscapus kraussi Agaonidae	has as a parasite	1	no location
1 source · 1 record De San979b via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

is a symbiont of 1 organism

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Fungi Including Lichens Fungi	is a symbiont of	1	not compared	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at kingdom level.
1 source · 3 records Querejeta JI, Estrada-Medina H, Allen MF, Jimenez-Osornio JJ. 2007. Water source partitioning among trees growing on shallow karst soils in a seasonally dry tropical climate. Oecologia 152(1): 26-36. Published in globalbioticinteractions/fred Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 1 of 1, by number of studies

Interaction data from Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI), GloBI 0.11. Each row keeps the citation its own study published.

Interactions are published at species level: they are not resolved by variety or race.

Each block is headed by the source's own term, read from this species' end — not by a category of ours. Two similar terms are not merged.

«Documented here» means the interaction was observed in this territory. It is not evidence that the species is here, and it does not enter the niche model.

Acompañantes documentados

This agronomic reading comes from a source reserved for internal use, so it is not shown here.

Documented uses and recommendations

Uses and recommendations that a source documents for this species beside a crop, each in its own context. They are the source's statements, not traits of the species and not Biolítica's recommendations, and none of them is a relation between two species.

Not grouped under a navigation concept

What the source states	Claim type	Context	Source
Árbol nativo candidato de paisaje	Recommendation of a guideRecommended	coffee · Veracruz, México	Biolítica · compilación de café de CIE-10 sha256:e376ce4d636a
1 source · 2 records Flores-Ortiz et al. 2025 Record contexts (sample): coffee · Veracruz, México; coffee · Veracruz, México A guide's recommendation, in its own context. It is not a measurement and does not carry over to another crop or region.
Árbol con valoración local	Documented useAsserted	coffee · Veracruz, México	Biolítica · compilación de café de CIE-10 sha256:e376ce4d636a
1 source · 1 record Flores-Ortiz et al. 2025 Context: coffee · Veracruz, México A documented use says what the source records this species is used for, in that context. It is not a measurement and does not carry over to another crop or region.