Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis)

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Identidad taxonómica

Scientific name: Passiflora edulis Sims
Canonical name: The scientific name without its authorship or date, for example Zea mays instead of Zea mays L.: Passiflora edulis
Authorship: The author or authors credited with publishing the scientific name. It is written after the name, sometimes with the year, for example L. (Linnaeus) in Zea mays L. An author in parentheses first published the name in another genus or rank.: Sims
Common names: Passion Fruit, Passionfruit, Purple granadilla, Purple passionfruit, Black passion fruit, Purple granadilla, common passionfruit, passionflower, water lemon, yellow passion fruit
Names in other languages (76)
Fruit de la passion, Grenadille, Grinadel, Maracuja, Maruçya, Męczennica jadalna, Parcha (ES), Passiflore comestible, Passiflore comestible, Grenadille, Fruit de la Passion, Grenadelle, Grenadine, Passionsfrucht, Pomme-Liane, Purple Passion Fruit, Purple granadilla (EN), Water lemon fruit, amakudjá, ceibey, chinola, couzou, curuba, flor de las cinco lagas, fruit de la passion, frutto della passione, granadiglia, grenadella, grenadelle, grenadilla, grenadille, grenadine, kudamonotokeiso, kvapioji pasiflora, liliko'i, lilikoi, ling mangkon, maracujá, maracujá-comum, maracujá-de-comer, maracujá-de-ponche, maracujá-do-mato, maracujá-doce, maracujá-mirim, maracujá-peroba, maracujá-preto, maracujá-redondo, maracuyá, marakuja, markisa, markisah, mučenka jedlá, parcha, parchita, pasjonsfrukt, passionsfrugt, passionsfrukt, punapassio, tukisu, uganandela, wildegrenadella, Маракуйя, Маракуја, Страстоцвет съедобный, פסיפלורה, שעונית נאכלת, آلامية مأكولة, فاكهة زهرة الآلام, ماراكويا, కౌరవ పాండవ పువ్వు, වැල් දොඩම්, เสาวรส, クダモノトケイソウ, ショクヨウトケイソウ, パッションフルーツ, ミナリトケイソウ, 時計果, 果物時計草, 熱情果, 百香果, 雞蛋果
Kingdom: One of the broadest ranks of biological classification. It groups organisms that share very basic features, for example plants (Plantae), animals (Animalia) or fungi (Fungi).: Plantae
Phylum: Rank below kingdom that groups organisms with a shared general body plan, for example chordates (Chordata), arthropods (Arthropoda) or vascular plants (Tracheophyta). In botany the same rank is also called division.: Tracheophyta
Class: Rank below phylum, for example mammals (Mammalia), birds (Aves), insects (Insecta) or monocot plants such as grasses and orchids (Liliopsida).: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rank below class that groups related families, for example grasses and their relatives (Poales) or bats (Chiroptera).: Malpighiales
Family: Rank below order that groups related genera. Family names usually end in -aceae in botany (for example Poaceae, the grass family) and in -idae in zoology (for example Felidae, the cat family).: Passifloraceae
Genus: Rank that groups closely related species. Its name is the first word of a species' scientific name and starts with a capital letter, for example Zea in Zea mays.: Passiflora
Specific epithet: The second word of a species' scientific name. On its own it does not name the species: it always goes with the genus, for example mays in Zea mays.: edulis
Taxonomic rank: The level a name occupies in the hierarchy of biological classification, such as kingdom, family, genus, species or subspecies.: species
Reference species: Passiflora edulis
Taxonomic status: Whether the taxonomic catalogue the record comes from currently accepts this name for the organism, or treats it as a synonym of another accepted name or as doubtful.: accepted name

Photos and conservation status

IUCN Red List category: The extinction-risk category that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assigns to a species on its Red List. EX Extinct: there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild: it survives only in cultivation, in captivity or as a population far outside its past range. CR Critically endangered, EN Endangered and VU Vulnerable: the three threatened categories, from an extremely high to a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened: close to qualifying as threatened. LC Least concern: evaluated and not threatened. DD Data deficient: there is not enough information to assess its risk. NE Not evaluated: not yet assessed against the criteria. It describes the risk of the species worldwide, not its situation in a project's area.: Not evaluated (NE)
Source: IUCN Red List via GBIF, queried on 2026-10-09 06:05.

Photo of Passiflora edulis Sims — Photo: filipeprates · CC0 1.0 · View original image · Original observation

Research-grade iNaturalist observations via GBIF, CC0 or CC BY licences only, queried on 2026-10-09 06:05.

Interacciones documentadas

GloBI says it is documented somewhere in the world. Biolitica answers whether it could happen here.

A documented interaction means it was recorded somewhere in the world. It does not mean it occurs here.

Types shown: 12 of 15 is a host of × interacts with (this species is the record's destination) × is eaten by × has its flowers visited by × is visited by × interacts with (this species is the record's origin) × has as a parasite × is adjacent to × is pollinated by × co-occurs ecologically with × has as a vector × laysEggsOn × 3 more types with data for this species

Blocks that do not sit under a navigation concept heading keep the source's own term: no navigation concept has been assigned to them yet.

is a host of 223 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. In the source ontology symbiosis covers mutualism, commensalism and parasitism alike, so this block holds attackers and allies side by side.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Gulf Fritillary Dione vanillae Nymphalidae	is a host of	27	not compared
27 sources · 27 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/108463273 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 12, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/110348241 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 3, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/112184624 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 26, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/112331970 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · April 11, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/117358603 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 11, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/313221859 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 11, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/10351429 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 5, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/18481610 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Nov. 18, 2018 · Human observation And 19 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Anthracnose Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Glomerellaceae	is a host of	20	no location
20 sources · 25 records Dingley, J.M., Fullerton, R.A., and McKenzie, E.H.C.. 1981. Survey of Agricultural Pests and Diseases. Technical Report Volume 2. Records of Fungi, Bacteria, Algae, and Angiosperms Pathogenic on Plants in Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Western Samoa. F.A.… Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): Fiji · no date published; Cook Islands · no date published Simmonds, J.H.. 1966. Host index of plant diseases in Queensland. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane :111 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): Australia · no date published; Australia · no date published Nattrass, R.M.. 1961. Host lists of Kenya fungi and bacteria. Mycol. Pap. 81:1-46 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): Kenya · no date published; Kenya · no date published https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1259573 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Gosford, New South Wales · Dec. 1, 1922 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1259574 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Mangrove Mountain, New South Wales · Oct. 22, 1913 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1264119 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Batumi, Caucasus · Sept. 1, 1917 · Preserved specimen Pennycook, S.R.. 1989. Plant diseases recorded in New Zealand. 3 Vol.. Pl. Dis. Div., D.S.I.R., Auckland :-- Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: New Zealand · no date published Kobayashi, T.. 2007. Index of fungi inhabiting woody plants in Japan. Host, Distribution and Literature. Zenkoku-Noson-Kyoiku Kyokai Publishing Co., Ltd. :1227 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Japan · no date published And 12 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Passalora biformis Mycosphaerellaceae	is a host of	20	not compared
20 sources · 20 records https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1337593 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Batesville · Oct. 7, 1908 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1337594 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Fayetteville · Oct. 1, 1929 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1337595 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Elizabethton · Oct. 6, 1938 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=1337596 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Batesville · Oct. 7, 1908 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=11206792 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Batesville · Oct. 7, 1906 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2756830 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Batesville · Oct. 7, 1908 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=3537526 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · Oct. 7, 1908 · Preserved specimen https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4023107 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Batesville · Oct. 7, 1908 · Preserved specimen And 12 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Alternaria passiflorae	is a host of	17	no location
17 sources · 27 records Farr, David F.; Rossman, Amy Y.; Castlebury, Lisa A. (2021). United States National Fungus Collections Fungus-Host Dataset. Ag Data Commons. https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1524414. Accessed at <https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host/archive/47a3882c0c536… Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): Australia · no date published; Taiwan · no date published Woudenberg, J.H.C., Truter, M., Groenewald, J.Z., and Crous, P.W.. 2014. Large-spored %Alternaria% pathogens in section %Porri% disentangled. Stud. Mycol. 79:1-47 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Record contexts (sample): United States · no date published; New Zealand · no date published Pennycook, S.R.. 1989. Plant diseases recorded in New Zealand. 3 Vol.. Pl. Dis. Div., D.S.I.R., Auckland :-- Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: New Zealand · no date published Simmonds, J.H.. 1966. Host index of plant diseases in Queensland. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane :111 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Australia · no date published Shaw, D.E.. 1984. Microorganisms in Papua New Guinea. Dept. Primary Ind., Res. Bull. 33:1-344 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Papua New Guinea · no date published Mendes, M.A.S., da Silva, V.L., Dianese, J.C., and et al.. 1998. Fungos em Plants no Brasil. Embrapa-SPI/Embrapa-Cenargen, Brasilia :555 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Brazil · no date published Shivas, R.G.. 1989. Fungal and bacterial diseases of plants in Western Australia.. J. Roy. Soc. W. Australia 72:1-62 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: Australia · no date published Crous, P.W., Phillips, A.J.L., and Baxter, A.P.. 2000. Phytopathogenic Fungi from South Africa. University of Stellenbosch, Department of Plant Pathology Press :358 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usda-fungus-host Context: South Africa · no date published And 9 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 223, by number of studies See more of this type

interacts with 125 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Gulf Fritillary Dione vanillae Nymphalidae	interacts with	225	not compared
225 sources · 297 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/197289604 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Dec. 31, 2023 · Human observation; no place published · Dec. 31, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/307827648 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Aug. 20, 2025 · Human observation; no place published · Aug. 20, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/125887416 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Aug. 15, 2015 · Human observation; no place published · Aug. 15, 2015 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/135288344 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Sept. 7, 2022 · Human observation; no place published · Sept. 7, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/135288352 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Sept. 7, 2022 · Human observation; no place published · Sept. 7, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/135288367 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Sept. 7, 2022 · Human observation; no place published · Sept. 7, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/135288376 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Sept. 7, 2022 · Human observation; no place published · Sept. 7, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/135288403 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · Sept. 7, 2022 · Human observation; no place published · Sept. 7, 2022 · Human observation And 217 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Eastern Carpenter Xylocopa virginica Apidae	interacts with	38	not compared
38 sources · 38 records https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=65406636 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: no place published · July 17, 1991 · Preserved specimen https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/296884692 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 10, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/309121695 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 25, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/311405626 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 1, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/219001577 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 28, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/219230759 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 29, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/221097548 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 6, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/221177067 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 7, 2024 · Human observation And 30 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Variegated Fritillary Euptoieta claudia Nymphalidae	interacts with	27	not compared
27 sources · 32 records (Cramer), Published in globalbioticinteractions/tamuic-ent Record contexts (sample): United States of America · no date published; United States of America · no date published https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/164864519 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · May 30, 2023 · Human observation; no place published · May 30, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/164864520 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · May 30, 2023 · Human observation; no place published · May 30, 2023 · Human observation https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=64392612 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: no further locality · 0002-07-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=64399629 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: San Antonio, 133 Vaughan Place · 0010-08-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=64399630 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: San Antonio, 135 Vaughan Place (K. residence) · 0014-09-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=64399632 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: Ebony Hill Res Station (EHRS) · 0023-08-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/299348989 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 19, 2025 · Human observation And 19 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Gulf Fritillary Dione vanillae Nymphalidae	interacts with	25	not compared
25 sources · 25 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/9105540 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 6, 2017 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/233863988 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 4, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/233864072 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 4, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/233864206 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 4, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/241111773 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 11, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/242613162 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Feb. 6, 2019 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/247570679 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 16, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147540446 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Dec. 22, 2018 · Human observation And 17 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 125, by number of studies See more of this type

is eaten by 99 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Eastern Carpenter Xylocopa virginica Apidae	is eaten by	19	not compared
19 sources · 19 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1866848 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 16, 2015 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1900006 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 28, 2015 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1900009 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 28, 2015 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/2008969 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 26, 2015 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4373756 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 24, 2016 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4373757 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 24, 2016 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/17198761 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 15, 2015 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131640140 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 20, 2022 · Human observation And 11 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Variegated Fritillary Euptoieta claudia Nymphalidae	is eaten by	15	not compared
15 sources · 15 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/299348989 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 19, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4373758 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 24, 2016 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4373759 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 24, 2016 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4373761 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 24, 2016 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4373762 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 24, 2016 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4373763 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 24, 2016 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4373764 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 24, 2016 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4373765 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 24, 2016 · Human observation And 7 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Gulf Fritillary Dione vanillae Nymphalidae	is eaten by	12	not compared
12 sources · 12 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202736977 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 1, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/313221859 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 11, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/14400549 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 15, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/16207837 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 4, 2018 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133264167 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 1, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/30143537 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 4, 2019 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/242398262 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 17, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/34230924 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 11, 2019 · Human observation And 4 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Western Yellowjacket Vespula pensylvanica	is eaten by	11	not compared
11 sources · 11 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/99131999 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 23, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/93509277 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 3, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/94492186 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 11, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/95355623 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 18, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/95356505 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 18, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/95474792 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 19, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/95818198 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 22, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/96270552 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 26, 2021 · Human observation And 3 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 99, by number of studies See more of this type

Flower visit

has its flowers visited by 71 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it. Visiting a flower is not pollinating it. «Pollinates» is a different term and a different block, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Eastern Carpenter Xylocopa virginica Apidae	has its flowers visited by	81	not compared
81 sources · 81 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1217954 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 27, 2009 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/299241939 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 6, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/299242303 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 6, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1866848 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 16, 2015 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1900006 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 28, 2015 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1900009 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 28, 2015 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/3599554 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 2, 2016 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4074180 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 9, 2016 · Human observation And 73 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Gulf Fritillary Dione vanillae Nymphalidae	has its flowers visited by	10	not compared
10 sources · 11 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/87476872 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Record contexts (sample): no place published · July 17, 2021 · Human observation; no place published · July 17, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/715221 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 11, 2014 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/218258256 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 20, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/218258883 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 20, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/328123686 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 3, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/242132594 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 16, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/382599681 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 18, 2026 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/179915704 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 23, 2023 · Human observation And 2 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	has its flowers visited by	10	not compared
10 sources · 12 records Records of organisms other than plants having flower visitors are probably errors Published in globalbioticinteractions/refuted-biotic-interactions-by-eol Record contexts (sample): no place published · no date published; no place published · no date published Ollerton, J., Trunschke, J. ., Havens, K. ., Landaverde-González, P. ., Keller, A. ., Gilpin, A.-M. ., Rodrigo Rech, A. ., Baronio, G. J. ., Phillips, B. J., Mackin, C. ., Stanley, D. A., Treanore, E. ., Baker, E. ., Rotheray, E. L., Erickson, E. ., Fornoff, F. ., Brearley, F. Q… Published in globalbioticinteractions/ollerton2022 Context: no place published · no date published https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/302640874 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 27, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/212555746 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 1, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/217456475 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 22, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/116111422 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 6, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/315916653 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 22, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/318224263 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 29, 2025 · Human observation And 2 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	has its flowers visited by	7	not compared
7 sources · 7 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/267109080 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · March 26, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/171671726 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 6, 2023 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/78267218 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 10, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/80438517 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 26, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/80515967 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 16, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/89826866 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 5, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/93816616 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 5, 2021 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 71, by number of studies See more of this type

is visited by 53 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Eastern Carpenter Xylocopa virginica Apidae	is visited by	33	not compared
33 sources · 33 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/298339306 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 15, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/307202432 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 17, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/309121695 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 25, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/312740880 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Sept. 9, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/224222500 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 21, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/227420914 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 5, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/228881372 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 11, 2024 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/127124295 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 20, 2022 · Human observation And 25 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Gulf Fritillary Dione vanillae Nymphalidae	is visited by	32	not compared
32 sources · 32 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/715221 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 11, 2014 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/304788564 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 8, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/306602786 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 15, 2025 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/123266084 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · June 24, 2022 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/362245429 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 16, 2026 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/362245981 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 16, 2026 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/362246065 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 16, 2026 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/362248042 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · May 16, 2026 · Human observation And 24 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Western Yellowjacket Vespula pensylvanica	is visited by	29	not compared
29 sources · 29 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/99131999 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Oct. 23, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/89397900 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 31, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/90101535 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 5, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/90723943 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 10, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/90724957 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 10, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/90955357 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 12, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/91145860 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 14, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/91352235 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 15, 2021 · Human observation And 21 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Elegant Grass-carrying Wasp Isodontia elegans Sphecidae	is visited by	20	not compared
20 sources · 20 records https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/90724188 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 10, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/90725240 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 10, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/91212553 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 14, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/91351750 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 16, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/91443823 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 16, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/91475398 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 16, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/91599568 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 17, 2021 · Human observation https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/91599872 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 17, 2021 · Human observation And 12 more sources, with fewer records, not listed here. A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 53, by number of studies See more of this type

interacts with 35 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Blackjack Oak Quercus marilandica Fagaceae	interacts with	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records 307b7918-fc8c-11e7-bd10-3fa9e354acf9 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison Context: Lake Keystone; N side of Hwy 412 at east end of Lake Keystone · 0006-01-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen 307b5208-fc8c-11e7-846f-1766dac7ed44 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison Context: Lake Keystone; N side of Hwy 412 at east end of Lake Keystone · 0006-01-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
American Plane Platanus occidentalis Platanaceae	interacts with	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records 307b7918-fc8c-11e7-bd10-3fa9e354acf9 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison Context: Lake Keystone; N side of Hwy 412 at east end of Lake Keystone · 0006-01-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen 307b5208-fc8c-11e7-846f-1766dac7ed44 Published in globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison Context: Lake Keystone; N side of Hwy 412 at east end of Lake Keystone · 0006-01-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Hairy Finger-grass Digitaria sanguinalis Poaceae	interacts with	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records 3458c1c6-fc8c-11e7-9605-8f2ef034eecb Published in globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison Context: Camp Gruber; 1 km SE of Pumpkin Center Pond of Camp Gruber · 0006-01-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen 55ffe778-fc8c-11e7-8afa-d7e4ea6e69bf Published in globalbioticinteractions/usgs-bison Context: Camp Gruber; 3 km SW of White Oak in Camp Gruber · 0009-01-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Passionflower Bee Pseudopanurgus passiflorae Andrenidae	interacts with	1	no location
1 source · 1 record A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. Accessed at <https://github.com/EOL/pseudonitzchia/archive/e5838965a186fba4b7215cd0d179c4526773bad5.zip> on 04 Sep 2026. Published in EOL/pseudonitzchia Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 35, by number of studies See more of this type

has as a parasite 24 organisms

This term does declare that the organism harms this species.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Parasitic wasp Encarsia diaspidicola Aphelinidae	has as a parasite	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records LiebreSaBo989 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published SandsBrLi990 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Encarsia berlesei Aphelinidae	has as a parasite	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records LiebreSaBo989 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published SandsBrLi990 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Parasitoid wasp Trichomasthus mexicanus Encyrtidae	has as a parasite	2	no location
2 sources · 2 records TrjapiBeRu2004 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published CIBC976 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Leucospis vallicaucaensis Leucospidae	has as a parasite	1	no location
1 source · 1 record PujadeCa2010 via Universal Chalcidoidea Database Published in globalbioticinteractions/natural-history-museum-london-interactions-bank Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 24, by number of studies See more of this type

is adjacent to 6 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Passalora biformis Mycosphaerellaceae	is adjacent to	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=2618594 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: Fayetteville · Oct. 1, 1929 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Pure Green Sweat Bee Augochlora pura Halictidae	is adjacent to	1	no location
1 source · 1 record https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=21432926 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: No further locality · 0019-07-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Golden Green-Sweat bee Augochlorella aurata Halictidae	is adjacent to	1	no location
1 source · 1 record https://scan-bugs.org:443/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=21432925 Published in globalbioticinteractions/scan Context: No further locality · 0019-07-01T00:00:00Z · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Fungus Septoria passiflorae Mycosphaerellaceae	is adjacent to	1	no location
1 source · 1 record https://mycoportal.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=4031085 Published in globalbioticinteractions/mycoportal Context: no place published · Sept. 1, 1959 · Preserved specimen A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 6, by number of studies See more of this type

Pollination

is pollinated by 5 organisms

This term declares that the organism benefits this species. «Visits the flowers of» is a different term and a different block: a visitor is not a pollinator, and merging the two is the measured defect that turned ~88 shared «pollinators» into birds and primates.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Apoidea	is pollinated by	2	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at superfamily level.
2 sources · 2 records Ley, E., Buchmann, S., Stritch, L. & Soltz, G. (2015n). Lower Mississippi Riverine Forest Regional Pollinator Guide (Pollinator Guide). The Pollinator Partnership/North American Pollinator Protection Campaign Published in globalbioticinteractions/cpc-pollinators Context: no place published · no date published Ley, E., Buchmann, S., Kauffman, G. & McGuire, K. (2015d). Ouachita Mixed Forest Meadow (Pollinator Guide). The Pollinator Partnership/North American Pollinator Protection Campaign Published in globalbioticinteractions/cpc-pollinators Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
European Honey Bee Apis mellifera Apidae	is pollinated by	2	not compared
2 sources · 9 records Blandina Felipe Viana and Fabiana Oliveira da Silva Published in ibartomeus/CropPol Record contexts (sample): no place published · Jan. 1, 2005; no place published · Jan. 1, 2005 African Pollinators Initiative. (2007). Crops, browse and pollinators in Africa: an initial stock-taking. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Published in globalbioticinteractions/kalro2023 Context: Africa · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Xylocopa Apidae	is pollinated by	1	not compared	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at genus level.
1 source · 16 records Blandina Felipe Viana and Fabiana Oliveira da Silva Published in ibartomeus/CropPol Record contexts (sample): no place published · Jan. 1, 2005; no place published · Jan. 1, 2005 A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Butterflies & Moths Lepidoptera	is pollinated by	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at order level.
1 source · 1 record Ley, E., Buchmann, S., Stritch, L. & Soltz, G. (2015n). Lower Mississippi Riverine Forest Regional Pollinator Guide (Pollinator Guide). The Pollinator Partnership/North American Pollinator Protection Campaign Published in globalbioticinteractions/cpc-pollinators Context: no place published · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 4 of 5, by number of studies See more of this type

co-occurs ecologically with 3 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Gulf Fritillary Agraulis vanillae Nymphalidae	co-occurs ecologically with	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Robinson, G.S., Ackery, P.R., Kitching, I.J., Beccaloni, G.W., Hernández, L.M. (2010) HOSTS-A database of the world's lepidopteran hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. Published in globalbioticinteractions/delrisco2021 Context: Bogotá, Colombia · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Andean Silverspot Dione glycera Nymphalidae	co-occurs ecologically with	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Caicedo-Hernández, J.C., Rodríguez-Villamil, D.R., Henao-Banol, E.R., Hernández-Schmidt, M. (2017) Mariposas y polillas diurnas de los parques urbanos el Virrey y Chicó y algunas de sus plantas hospederas. Bogotá, Colombia. Published in globalbioticinteractions/delrisco2021 Context: Bogotá, Colombia · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Eueides isabella Nymphalidae	co-occurs ecologically with	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record Caicedo-Hernández, J.C., Rodríguez-Villamil, D.R., Henao-Banol, E.R., Hernández-Schmidt, M. (2017) Mariposas y polillas diurnas de los parques urbanos el Virrey y Chicó y algunas de sus plantas hospederas. Bogotá, Colombia. Published in globalbioticinteractions/delrisco2021 Context: Bogotá, Colombia · no date published A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 3 of 3, by number of studies

has as a vector 2 organisms

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented	Actions
Vertebrata	has as a vector	1	no location
1 source · 1 record @Article{Leishman_1995, author = {M. R. Leishman and M. Westoby and E. Jurado}, year = {1995}, title = {{Correlates of seed size variation: A comparison among five temperate floras}}, journal = {Journal of Ecology}, volume = {83}, pages = {517--529}, doi = {10.2307/2261604}, } Published in globalbioticinteractions/austraits Context: no place published · Jan. 1, 1996 · field A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
birds Aves	has as a vector	1	no location	Not a modelling unit: the source publishes it at class level.
1 source · 1 record @Book{Cooper_2013, year = {2013}, author = {Wendy Cooper and William T. Cooper}, title = {{Australian rainforest fruits}}, publisher = {CSIRO Publishing}, pages = {272}, } Published in globalbioticinteractions/austraits Context: no place published · no date published · literature A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 2 of 2, by number of studies

`laysEggsOn` 2 organisms

No sanctioned reading for this term yet: it is shown exactly as the source publishes it.

The authority declares no effect on this species for this term: neither that it harms it nor that it benefits it.

Organism	Reads as	Studies	Where it was documented
Gulf Fritillary Dione vanillae Nymphalidae	`laysEggsOn`	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/177201310 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · Aug. 7, 2023 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.
Western Gulf Fritillary Dione vanillae incarnata Nymphalidae	`laysEggsOn`	1	not compared
1 source · 1 record https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/86644556 Published in globalbioticinteractions/inaturalist Context: no place published · July 9, 2021 · Human observation A published relationship says these two taxa were documented interacting. It does not say how often, or that it happens in this project's region.

Showing 2 of 2, by number of studies

Interaction data from Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI), GloBI 0.11. Each row keeps the citation its own study published.

Interactions are published at species level: they are not resolved by variety or race.

Each block is headed by the source's own term, read from this species' end — not by a category of ours. Two similar terms are not merged.

«Documented here» means the interaction was observed in this territory. It is not evidence that the species is here, and it does not enter the niche model.

Acompañantes documentados

This agronomic reading comes from a source reserved for internal use, so it is not shown here.

Documented uses and recommendations

Uses and recommendations that a source documents for this species beside a crop, each in its own context. They are the source's statements, not traits of the species and not Biolítica's recommendations, and none of them is a relation between two species.

Among the sources you can read, none documents a use or recommendation of this species beside a crop.

Identidad taxonómica

Photos and conservation status

Interacciones documentadas

is a host of 223 organisms

interacts with 125 organisms

is eaten by 99 organisms

Flower visit

has its flowers visited by 71 organisms

is visited by 53 organisms

interacts with 35 organisms

has as a parasite 24 organisms

is adjacent to 6 organisms

Pollination

is pollinated by 5 organisms

co-occurs ecologically with 3 organisms

has as a vector 2 organisms

laysEggsOn 2 organisms

Acompañantes documentados

Documented uses and recommendations

`laysEggsOn` 2 organisms